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ord-56b1f4bfeebc4b8ab990b9804e798aa7
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ord-1169cbe9fa064a879ac34b2e524a4e69
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ord-13992005c22d4673aa802b5e140076e8
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ord-a36b48917c9942d1a34637511773ee1f
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ord-5fc624fd97b7430eafbe8dcc049d170b
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ord-c34e3f2a76e4462999414a169b276944
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ord-5853dba403864121802609ae67a6fbe4
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ord-0c597cbe4940491092243bda6c97b98c
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ord-b3c4a680709749268aeba07b670223ef
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ord-fa122fe6774f45c5b7a107c1460052d3
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ord-8ce809cf74f44b02a581dcd94f0c1ae0
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ord-373fd601db1247b0b18c34bca387c3a4
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ord-79caf81165b848e5b1765189056bb075
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ord-4695ad3979554c448a445867cc030440
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ord-56220a6924fb4d7e8ff752a004488872
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ord-b9ea1ddb99074c47af3b567d6c34306c
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ord-572b233d6c664fada44bd8d3bb48fc2f
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ord-2c710cb7fbbd4d70b492cf6ab2e6cbf5
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ord-ea29507936c14849a1aa88403efb7090
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ord-28a0ca5c779744199b5c278aec8fa826
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ord-3e57b5a0d75c4f5d9c22ce74626f60c3
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ord-bc24f3de1ac64e7e96966f7efd955e5c
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ord-702aadae7425481bab668d630b5a0a21
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ord-b62d19842af048f4873fe9a01ff50f3b
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ord-d1c742201cbe4cf0aa1fbc6e2537aa34
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ord-f766bf8ef3f8450eb6d323fd10519896
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ord-aaefdd638c464adeb91c856ec0ce39ed
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ord-b94a4cbc1fbd4100843834a92096e35b
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ord-36d41d697d8f415b8c7cc3a381080785
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ord-2a024728550642b2b2e2724a7387802d
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ord-68a2d19644de420ea283722f281ee146
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ord-9f0febad39ec4abd95b00a68a93da5f3
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ord-80e16f813a4348d09194009ae04f2217
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ord-d012fdccb17647d4838efd4e1491311e
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ord-2e4132c3c32149d3a68cd64301eacce5
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ord-1d37196fb74e494d823157202193321f
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ord-13885c2618b74db2ba86072bda25f3e4
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ord-b116c54708694e71a57141a571bf1abd
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ord-1aa2de1a9b014f58b717c720b31e4a66
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ord-e3d1bf887b8743b5ab0b5887f32d7a64
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ord-53e4c550d2a942e0b2b88b16dae21b0b
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ord-97d4ec8781d24990b921a4f59e0aac9e
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ord-43b38b44db094a5e90893913a2fe3478
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ord-69adc3b86d5e4e688ca79adbe7928bc5
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ord-8dc05311ad5340e693477414d5741a5e
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ord-8b6e9d49ac804667b43344fcaf4ab862
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ord-7efc5b9774d04fb09dba803fb4f7b480
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ord-56a1dc90e93f4e37a4c4dceba5d45c4e
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ord-05f07a62b42e4c23af01e32b4f5a3985
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ord-48707410a8f646d7ad65813e3cef2505
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ord-d5a89652aac64eea875d9bd85a60b6b2
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ord-7e36385bcc0c400fb6d43f0b2d0257ca
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ord-f88e9fa13a294cdea3238d7489919aa6
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ord-d9c01183b125484eaefa04bec0d028ca
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ord-834b5e1dd58a47728397e6966452dba7
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ord-dd820c31fef4456fb96fcbe0cfbfed80
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ord-cd2546f9579b48aea10fbe2e69f5f598
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ord-2da26b5c3d4b493b8e03d8304123e4fe
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ord-bd19c64fd71c4dc0a1f39c0c85d4d230
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ord-61d7c948e79b47fd9fd72f241c80d4f1
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ord-23579b28ef824d8ba8083ac0e9a7b70a
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ord-0eb7fc5c164b43bc9a05a46e98a37b12
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ord-af3871564adb47f28d81d03aed7b6196
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ord-297038d2636048ff93bf3571d541a46e
[ 10, 22, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 2, 57, 51, 10, 48, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 29, 48, 46, 48, 32, 91, ...
ord-203f818b7f344d11a82d6bc3539ff565
[ 10, 22, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 2, 57, 52, 10, 48, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 29, 48, 46, 48, 32, 91, ...
ord-208592f898674435bb2768eefbc02bfd
[ 10, 22, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 2, 57, 54, 10, 82, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 63, 49, 46, 51, 46, 50, ...
ord-f216b4e86bcc4a2b8660bf0c5e130be5
[ 10, 22, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 2, 57, 55, 10, 80, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 61, 49, 46, 51, 46, 52, ...
ord-d638b772d95f46ee990c617a7a9864d8
[ 10, 22, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 2, 57, 56, 10, 80, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 61, 49, 46, 51, 46, 52, ...
ord-59518020213f4a99980578b9463ad852
[ 10, 22, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 2, 57, 57, 10, 80, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 61, 49, 46, 51, 46, 52, ...
ord-1d2fdaa081974f57a1f1449ebd3c7c9a
[ 10, 23, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 3, 49, 48, 48, 10, 81, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 62, 49, 46, 51, 46, ...
ord-57be3c43ca2f40d482cab5a1bd42b5d5
[ 10, 23, 8, 1, 18, 14, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 105, 110, 100, 101, 120, 26, 3, 49, 48, 50, 10, 81, 8, 5, 18, 13, 114, 101, 97, 99, 116, 105, 111, 110, 32, 116, 121, 112, 101, 26, 62, 49, 46, 51, 46, ...
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ord-data

DOI

Getting the Data

The datasets live under data/ and are stored with Git LFS. LFS reads are redirected to the Hugging Face mirror via .lfsconfig, so dataset objects are fetched from Hugging Face's CDN rather than from GitHub's shared (and limited) LFS bandwidth. This is automatic — you do not need to configure anything.

Option 1: Clone the repository

git clone https://github.com/open-reaction-database/ord-data.git

With Git LFS installed, this pulls every dataset object from the Hugging Face mirror and gives you the full Git history with the data in place.

Option 2: Download only the data (a subset, or without Git history)

pip install huggingface_hub
python scripts/download_from_huggingface.py

(If you use uv, uv run scripts/download_from_huggingface.py installs the dependencies for you.)

The script mirrors the data/ directory from the Hugging Face dataset into your local checkout. Pass --allow-pattern 'data/4d/*.parquet' (repeatable) to download only a subset, or --output-dir <path> to write somewhere other than the repository root. To skip LFS entirely during the clone and fetch the data afterward:

GIT_LFS_SKIP_SMUDGE=1 git clone https://github.com/open-reaction-database/ord-data.git
cd ord-data
python scripts/download_from_huggingface.py

You can also browse and download datasets directly from the Hugging Face dataset page.

For how this LFS / Hugging Face mirror setup works (and what it means for contributors), see Git LFS and the Hugging Face mirror below.

Data Manipulation

The ord-data repository contains the Open Reaction Database (ORD) as Parquet files stored in the data directory. Each file holds one dataset: the reactions are serialized Protobuf messages (one per row) and the dataset name/description/ID travel in the file metadata, so those scalars and every reaction survive a round trip through ord_schema. (Dataset.reaction_ids, which names reactions stored outside the dataset, is not persisted — the reaction_id column is the source of truth — and a dataset with no reactions cannot be written at all.) The user can convert the data into human readable text format, *.pbtxt.

# import requirements
from ord_schema.datasets import load_dataset
from ord_schema.message_helpers import save_message

# load the parquet file as a Dataset proto
# (as_dataset materializes it; the default is a streaming DatasetView)
dataset = load_dataset("input_fname.parquet", as_dataset=True)
# save the ord file as human readable text
save_message(dataset, "output_fname.pbtxt")

datasets.load_dataset returns a DatasetView for Parquet, which takes the dataset's scalars and row count from the file footer and reads reactions on demand. (Note the name collision: ord_schema.parquet.load_dataset always materializes, which on the largest file is a silent 1.8M-reaction load rather than an error.) Iteration, len, indexing, and slicing over reactions behave like a list, so read-only code needs no change — and the USPTO grants file, 1.8M reactions in 1.1 GB, opens in milliseconds rather than deserializing up front. Two places the resemblance stops: indexing returns a freshly deserialized copy rather than a live sub-message, so mutating it changes nothing on disk, and reactions never compares equal to a list — compare against list(view.reactions). Pass as_dataset=True (above) when you need the protobuf surface: serializing or mutating the dataset as a whole. If you already hold a view, to_proto() does the same thing.

Beyond plain iteration, a view can look a reaction up by ID with get_reaction, yield IDs alone with iter_reaction_ids, and read one row group at a time with iter_reactions(row_group=...), which yields (reaction_id, Reaction) pairs rather than bare reactions. Row groups are the unit of parallelism for fanning out over a large file; view.num_row_groups gives the upper bound, and an index outside it raises IndexError.

We can also convert ORD data into JSON format.

# import requirements
import json

from ord_schema.datasets import load_dataset
from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToJson

input_fname = "sample_file.parquet"
dataset = load_dataset(input_fname)

# take one reaction message from the dataset for example
rxn = dataset.reactions[0]
rxn_json = json.loads(
    MessageToJson(
        message=rxn,
        always_print_fields_with_no_presence=False,
        preserving_proto_field_name=True,
        indent=2,
        sort_keys=False,
        use_integers_for_enums=False,
        descriptor_pool=None,
        float_precision=None,
        ensure_ascii=True,
    )
)

print(
    f"We have converted the {input_fname} to JSON format shown as below, \n{rxn_json}"
)

Retired dataset IDs

Two datasets are consolidations of shards that were once published separately, and a consolidated output carries a new ID derived from the sorted IDs of its sources:

Dataset ID Sources
uspto-grants ord_dataset-1158e351757f315b93cbcbe7bc55f38e 489 monthly uspto-grants-YYYY_MM datasets
Training data from https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04228D ord_dataset-e7830cd6b11158b43994ccfb5ee9acb3 10 (N/10) shards

retired_datasets.csv maps each of the 499 retired IDs to the dataset that replaced it. Every other dataset kept its ID.

Per-reaction patent provenance for the USPTO data is on Reaction.provenance.patent, so the monthly bucket a reaction came from is recoverable from the consolidated dataset.

Git LFS and the Hugging Face mirror

Dataset files under data/ are stored with Git LFS. Clone and fork traffic was dominating GitHub's shared LFS bandwidth quota, so the repository is configured to keep that traffic off GitHub while leaving GitHub authoritative for the data:

  • Reads come from Hugging Face. .lfsconfig points lfs.url at the Hugging Face mirror, so clones and forks fetch LFS objects from HF's CDN instead of GitHub.
  • GitHub remains the source of truth. LFS objects are always written to GitHub (storage there is fine; only download bandwidth was the problem), and the mirror workflow copies them to Hugging Face after every merge to main. Hugging Face is purely a read replica — every object is always retrievable from GitHub.
  • LFS is scoped to data/ (see .gitattributes). A new dataset staged at the repository root is an ordinary Git file, so submissions can be pushed from a fork with no LFS configuration; the submission workflow turns the file into an LFS object when it moves it into data/.

For contributors

  • Submitting a new dataset: nothing special is required — stage your file at the repository root and open a PR (see CONTRIBUTING.md and the Submission Workflow).

  • Editing a file that already lives under data/ from a fork: that file is an LFS object, so point LFS uploads at your own fork once before pushing (you cannot write to the canonical repository's LFS store):

    git config lfs.pushurl https://github.com/<your-username>/ord-data.git/info/lfs
    

For maintainers (CI)

Freshly pushed objects are not on the Hugging Face mirror until the post-merge mirror job runs, so CI and the mirror override the read endpoint back to GitHub at runtime (git config lfs.url …):

  • validation.yml pulls only each matrix shard's objects from GitHub, sparsely, instead of the whole dataset in every job.
  • submission.yml reads from GitHub so fork and branch submissions are validated before their bytes reach Hugging Face.
  • huggingface_mirror.yml reads the to-be-mirrored objects from GitHub.

Contributing

Please see the Submission Workflow documentation. Make sure to review the license and terms of use.

Maintainer notes

Skipping the Update submission step

The submission workflow's Update submission step runs scripts/process_dataset.py --update --cleanup to assign reaction/dataset IDs and timestamps to newly submitted files and rewrite them to the canonical on-disk format. For maintainer PRs that touch dataset files but should not be re-processed this way — e.g., format conversions or mass migrations of already-finalized data — apply the skip-update-submission label to the PR. Note that the label leaves such a PR with no dataset validation inside the submission workflow: Validate submission runs only for fork PRs and for this workflow's own re-runs, so on a labeled maintainer PR both steps sit out. The corpus sweep in validation.yml covers the result on merge to main.

Converting datasets to Parquet

Published datasets are stored as Parquet only, and new submissions are written that way by process_dataset.py, so data/ holds no .pb.gz to convert. scripts/convert_to_parquet.py handles the case where one lands there anyway: it globs data/*/ord_dataset-*.pb.gz, converts each 1:1 (carrying the existing dataset_id), and refuses to overwrite an existing output whose reaction count disagrees with its input. Converting the corpus is this script's job, not a side effect of editing one dataset, which is why process_dataset.py leaves an edited file in whatever format it has.

It needs ord_schema, which comes from the pipeline dependency group. Because it reads .pb.gz content, pull the inputs first. With data/ Parquet-only the converter has nothing to do and says so — these steps are worth running only once a .pb.gz has actually appeared:

uv sync --only-group pipeline

git lfs pull --include="data/*/ord_dataset-*.pb.gz"
uv run --no-sync python scripts/convert_to_parquet.py --dry-run  # preview
uv run --no-sync python scripts/convert_to_parquet.py
git rm data/*/*.pb.gz  # keep only the Parquet versions

Commit the new .parquet files (they become LFS objects), push them (see Pushing new LFS objects), and open the PR with the skip-update-submission label. Validation runs against the full dataset on merge to main.

Pushing new LFS objects

.lfsconfig routes LFS reads to the Hugging Face mirror and deliberately sets no pushurl, so a plain push would try to upload new objects to HF — which you cannot write. Point LFS uploads at GitHub for the push, and make sure git can authenticate to github.com over HTTPS for the LFS API (the LFS endpoint is HTTPS even when your git remote is SSH). The simplest auth is the GitHub CLI:

git config lfs.pushurl https://github.com/open-reaction-database/ord-data.git/info/lfs
gh auth setup-git  # let git use your gh token for github.com over HTTPS
git push -u origin <branch>

Or, as a one-off without persisting any config:

git -c lfs.pushurl=https://github.com/open-reaction-database/ord-data.git/info/lfs \
    -c 'credential.https://github.com.helper=!gh auth git-credential' \
    push -u origin <branch>

Reads stay on the mirror; only your uploads go to GitHub. On merge to main, huggingface_mirror.yml copies the new objects to Hugging Face.

License

This repository carries two licenses, because it holds both data and code:

what license file
The datasets under data/ (and the repository metadata describing them) CC-BY-SA-4.0 LICENSE
The code under scripts/ and .github/ Apache-2.0 LICENSE-CODE

If you are using ORD data, CC-BY-SA-4.0 is the license that applies to you; it is what CITATION.cff and the Hugging Face mirror declare.

The code carries a separate license because Creative Commons licenses are not intended for software — Creative Commons recommends against it — and because the project's other code repositories, including ord-schema, are Apache-2.0.

Citation

If you use this dataset, please cite the Open Reaction Database paper:

@article{kearnes2021ord,
  author = {Kearnes, Steven M. and Maser, Michael R. and Wleklinski, Michael and Kast, Anton and Doyle, Abigail G. and Dreher, Spencer D. and Hawkins, Joel M. and Jensen, Klavs F. and Coley, Connor W.},
  title = {The Open Reaction Database},
  journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
  year = {2021},
  volume = {143},
  number = {45},
  pages = {18820--18826},
  doi = {10.1021/jacs.1c09820},
}
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