App

.python-version

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+3.13

app/data.py

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+"""Polars-backed query layer over the cve_diff parquet shards."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any
+
+import polars as pl
+
+PARQUET_GLOB = str(Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "dataset" / "parquet" / "cve_diff-part*.parquet")
+
+SEVERITIES = ["CRITICAL", "HIGH", "MEDIUM", "LOW", "NONE"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SearchFilters:
+    q: str = ""
+    cwe: str = ""
+    year: int | None = None
+    severity: str = ""
+    host: str = ""
+    language: str = ""
+    patch: str = ""  # "" = any, "yes" = has patch, "no" = no patch
+    page: int = 1
+    page_size: int = 25
+
+
+def _load() -> pl.DataFrame:
+    return pl.read_parquet(PARQUET_GLOB)
+
+
+_DF: pl.DataFrame | None = None
+
+
+def df() -> pl.DataFrame:
+    global _DF
+    if _DF is None:
+        _DF = _load()
+    return _DF
+
+
+def facets() -> dict[str, list[Any]]:
+    """Distinct values to populate filter dropdowns."""
+    d = df()
+    years = sorted(d["year"].unique().to_list(), reverse=True)
+    cwes = (
+        d.lazy()
+        .select(pl.col("cwes").explode().struct.field("id"))
+        .drop_nulls()
+        .unique()
+        .sort("id")
+        .collect()["id"]
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    hosts = (
+        d.lazy()
+        .select(pl.col("patch_hosts").explode().alias("host"))
+        .drop_nulls()
+        .unique()
+        .sort("host")
+        .collect()["host"]
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    languages = (
+        d.lazy()
+        .select(pl.col("patch_languages").explode().alias("language"))
+        .drop_nulls()
+        .unique()
+        .sort("language")
+        .collect()["language"]
+        .to_list()
+    )
+    return {
+        "years": years,
+        "cwes": cwes,
+        "hosts": hosts,
+        "languages": languages,
+        "severities": SEVERITIES,
+    }
+
+
+def _apply_filters(lf: pl.LazyFrame, f: SearchFilters) -> pl.LazyFrame:
+    if f.q:
+        needle = f.q.strip()
+        lf = lf.filter(
+            pl.col("cve_id").str.contains(needle, literal=True)
+            | pl.col("description").str.contains(f"(?i){needle}")
+        )
+    if f.cwe:
+        cwe = f.cwe
+        lf = lf.filter(
+            pl.col("cwes").list.eval(pl.element().struct.field("id") == cwe).list.any()
+        )
+    if f.year is not None:
+        lf = lf.filter(pl.col("year") == f.year)
+    if f.severity:
+        lf = lf.filter(pl.col("cvss_base_severity") == f.severity)
+    if f.host:
+        lf = lf.filter(pl.col("patch_hosts").list.contains(f.host))
+    if f.language:
+        lf = lf.filter(pl.col("patch_languages").list.contains(f.language))
+    if f.patch == "yes":
+        lf = lf.filter(pl.col("has_patch"))
+    elif f.patch == "no":
+        lf = lf.filter(~pl.col("has_patch"))
+    return lf
+
+
+def search(f: SearchFilters) -> tuple[list[dict], int]:
+    """Return (page rows, total matching)."""
+    lf = _apply_filters(df().lazy(), f)
+    total = lf.select(pl.len()).collect().item()
+    offset = max(0, (f.page - 1) * f.page_size)
+    rows = (
+        lf.sort("cve_id", descending=True)
+        .slice(offset, f.page_size)
+        .select(
+            "cve_id",
+            "year",
+            "description",
+            "cwes",
+            "cvss_base_score",
+            "cvss_base_severity",
+            "patch_hosts",
+            "patch_languages",
+            "has_patch",
+        )
+        .collect()
+        .to_dicts()
+    )
+    return rows, total
+
+
+def get_cve(cve_id: str) -> dict | None:
+    rows = (
+        df()
+        .lazy()
+        .filter(pl.col("cve_id") == cve_id)
+        .collect()
+        .to_dicts()
+    )
+    return rows[0] if rows else None

app/diff_parser.py

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+"""Parse a multi-commit unified diff into a side-by-side render model."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+HUNK_RE = re.compile(r"^@@ -(\d+)(?:,(\d+))? \+(\d+)(?:,(\d+))? @@")
+COMMIT_HEADER_RE = re.compile(r"^=== (.+?) ===\s*$")
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Row:
+    left_no: int | None
+    left_text: str
+    left_kind: str  # "context" | "removed" | "empty"
+    right_no: int | None
+    right_text: str
+    right_kind: str  # "context" | "added" | "empty"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Hunk:
+    header: str
+    rows: list[Row] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class File:
+    old_path: str
+    new_path: str
+    hunks: list[Hunk] = field(default_factory=list)
+    note: str = ""  # e.g. binary diff
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Commit:
+    url: str
+    files: list[File] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _pair_block(removed: list[tuple[int, str]], added: list[tuple[int, str]]) -> list[Row]:
+    rows: list[Row] = []
+    for i in range(max(len(removed), len(added))):
+        if i < len(removed):
+            ln, txt = removed[i]
+            left = (ln, txt, "removed")
+        else:
+            left = (None, "", "empty")
+        if i < len(added):
+            ln, txt = added[i]
+            right = (ln, txt, "added")
+        else:
+            right = (None, "", "empty")
+        rows.append(Row(left[0], left[1], left[2], right[0], right[1], right[2]))
+    return rows
+
+
+def _parse_hunk(lines: list[str], start_old: int, start_new: int) -> list[Row]:
+    rows: list[Row] = []
+    old_n, new_n = start_old, start_new
+    removed: list[tuple[int, str]] = []
+    added: list[tuple[int, str]] = []
+
+    def flush():
+        nonlocal removed, added
+        if removed or added:
+            rows.extend(_pair_block(removed, added))
+            removed, added = [], []
+
+    for ln in lines:
+        if not ln:
+            continue
+        marker, text = ln[0], ln[1:]
+        if marker == " ":
+            flush()
+            rows.append(Row(old_n, text, "context", new_n, text, "context"))
+            old_n += 1
+            new_n += 1
+        elif marker == "-":
+            removed.append((old_n, text))
+            old_n += 1
+        elif marker == "+":
+            added.append((new_n, text))
+            new_n += 1
+        elif marker == "\\":
+            # "" — display as context on whichever side it follows
+            pass
+        else:
+            # unexpected line inside a hunk; treat as context
+            flush()
+            rows.append(Row(old_n, ln, "context", new_n, ln, "context"))
+            old_n += 1
+            new_n += 1
+    flush()
+    return rows
+
+
+def parse(diff_text: str) -> list[Commit]:
+    """Split diff_text by `=== url ===` headers, then by `diff --git`, then by hunks."""
+    commits: list[Commit] = []
+    current = Commit(url="")
+    current_file: File | None = None
+    pending_hunk_header: str | None = None
+    pending_hunk_lines: list[str] | None = None
+    pending_old_start = 0
+    pending_new_start = 0
+
+    def finalize_hunk():
+        nonlocal pending_hunk_header, pending_hunk_lines
+        if current_file is not None and pending_hunk_header is not None and pending_hunk_lines is not None:
+            rows = _parse_hunk(pending_hunk_lines, pending_old_start, pending_new_start)
+            current_file.hunks.append(Hunk(header=pending_hunk_header, rows=rows))
+        pending_hunk_header = None
+        pending_hunk_lines = None
+
+    def finalize_commit():
+        nonlocal current
+        finalize_hunk()
+        if current.files or current.url:
+            commits.append(current)
+        current = Commit(url="")
+
+    lines = diff_text.splitlines()
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(lines):
+        line = lines[i]
+        m = COMMIT_HEADER_RE.match(line)
+        if m:
+            finalize_commit()
+            current = Commit(url=m.group(1))
+            current_file = None
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        if line.startswith("diff --git "):
+            finalize_hunk()
+            current_file = File(old_path="", new_path="")
+            current.files.append(current_file)
+            # try to read old/new path from following ---/+++ lines (or rename headers)
+            i += 1
+            while i < len(lines) and not lines[i].startswith("@@") and not lines[i].startswith("diff --git ") and not COMMIT_HEADER_RE.match(lines[i]):
+                hdr = lines[i]
+                if hdr.startswith("--- "):
+                    current_file.old_path = hdr[4:].removeprefix("a/").strip()
+                elif hdr.startswith("+++ "):
+                    current_file.new_path = hdr[4:].removeprefix("b/").strip()
+                elif hdr.startswith("Binary files "):
+                    current_file.note = hdr
+                elif hdr.startswith("rename from "):
+                    current_file.old_path = hdr[len("rename from "):].strip()
+                elif hdr.startswith("rename to "):
+                    current_file.new_path = hdr[len("rename to "):].strip()
+                i += 1
+            if not current_file.old_path and not current_file.new_path:
+                # fall back to the `diff --git a/foo b/bar` paths
+                parts = line.split()
+                if len(parts) >= 4:
+                    current_file.old_path = parts[2].removeprefix("a/")
+                    current_file.new_path = parts[3].removeprefix("b/")
+            continue
+
+        m = HUNK_RE.match(line)
+        if m and current_file is not None:
+            finalize_hunk()
+            pending_hunk_header = line
+            pending_hunk_lines = []
+            pending_old_start = int(m.group(1)) or 1
+            pending_new_start = int(m.group(3)) or 1
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        if pending_hunk_lines is not None:
+            # collect hunk body until next file/hunk/commit header
+            if line.startswith("diff --git ") or COMMIT_HEADER_RE.match(line) or HUNK_RE.match(line):
+                continue  # handled by the loop on next iteration
+            pending_hunk_lines.append(line)
+            i += 1
+            continue
+
+        i += 1
+
+    finalize_commit()
+    return commits

app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""FastAPI app: list + detail views over the cve_diff parquet."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Request
+from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
+from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
+from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
+
+from . import data, diff_parser
+
+BASE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+templates = Jinja2Templates(directory=BASE / "templates")
+
+app = FastAPI(title="cve-diff explorer")
+app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory=BASE / "static"), name="static")
+
+
+def _qs(params: dict, **overrides) -> str:
+    merged = {k: v for k, v in params.items() if v not in (None, "", 0)}
+    merged.update({k: v for k, v in overrides.items() if v not in (None, "")})
+    return "&".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in merged.items())
+
+
+@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def index(
+    request: Request,
+    q: str = "",
+    cwe: str = "",
+    year: str = "",
+    severity: str = "",
+    host: str = "",
+    language: str = "",
+    patch: str = "",
+    page: int = 1,
+):
+    page = max(1, page)
+    year_int: int | None = int(year) if year.strip().isdigit() else None
+    filters = data.SearchFilters(
+        q=q, cwe=cwe, year=year_int, severity=severity, host=host,
+        language=language, patch=patch, page=page, page_size=25,
+    )
+    rows, total = data.search(filters)
+    pages = max(1, math.ceil(total / filters.page_size))
+    params = {
+        "q": q, "cwe": cwe, "year": year_int,
+        "severity": severity, "host": host, "language": language,
+        "patch": patch,
+    }
+    return templates.TemplateResponse(
+        request,
+        "list.html",
+        {
+            "rows": rows,
+            "total": total,
+            "page": page,
+            "pages": pages,
+            "facets": data.facets(),
+            "filters": params,
+            "qs": _qs,
+        },
+    )
+
+
+@app.get("/cve/{cve_id}", response_class=HTMLResponse)
+def detail(request: Request, cve_id: str):
+    row = data.get_cve(cve_id)
+    if row is None:
+        raise HTTPException(404, f"{cve_id} not found")
+    commits = diff_parser.parse(row.get("patch_diff") or "")
+    return templates.TemplateResponse(
+        request, "detail.html", {"cve": row, "commits": commits}
+    )

app/static/style.css

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+* { box-sizing: border-box; }
+body {
+  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+  margin: 0;
+  color: #1f2328;
+  background: #f6f8fa;
+}
+main { max-width: 1400px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 1.2rem 1.5rem 4rem; }
+a { color: #0969da; text-decoration: none; }
+a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
+.muted { color: #656d76; font-size: 0.9rem; }
+code { font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace; background: #eaeef2; padding: 0 4px; border-radius: 3px; }
+
+.topbar {
+  background: #24292f; color: #fff; padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
+  display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.8rem;
+}
+.topbar .brand { color: #fff; font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; }
+.topbar .muted { color: #adbac7; }
+
+/* filters */
+.filters {
+  display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; flex-wrap: wrap;
+  background: #fff; padding: 0.8rem; border: 1px solid #d0d7de; border-radius: 6px;
+  margin-bottom: 1rem;
+}
+.filters input, .filters select {
+  padding: 0.4rem 0.5rem; border: 1px solid #d0d7de; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 0.9rem; background: #fff;
+}
+.filters input { flex: 1 1 260px; }
+.filters button {
+  padding: 0.4rem 0.9rem; border: 1px solid #1f883d; background: #1f883d; color: #fff; border-radius: 6px; cursor: pointer;
+}
+.filters .reset { align-self: center; color: #656d76; }
+
+/* results */
+.results {
+  width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #fff;
+  border: 1px solid #d0d7de; border-radius: 6px; overflow: hidden;
+}
+.results th, .results td { padding: 0.55rem 0.7rem; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de; }
+.results th { background: #f6f8fa; font-size: 0.85rem; }
+.results tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
+.results td.desc { max-width: 420px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
+
+.chip {
+  display: inline-block; padding: 1px 6px; margin: 1px 2px;
+  background: #ddf4ff; color: #0969da;
+  border-radius: 10px; font-size: 0.75rem;
+}
+a.chip { text-decoration: none; }
+a.chip:hover { background: #b6e3ff; }
+.chip-lang { background: #ecf6e8; color: #1f7a3a; }
+a.chip-lang:hover { background: #d4ecc8; }
+.sev { display: inline-block; padding: 1px 8px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 600; }
+.sev-critical { background: #82071e; color: #fff; }
+.sev-high     { background: #cf222e; color: #fff; }
+.sev-medium   { background: #bf8700; color: #fff; }
+.sev-low      { background: #1f883d; color: #fff; }
+.sev-none     { background: #d0d7de; color: #1f2328; }
+
+.pager { display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: center; margin: 1rem 0; }
+
+/* detail */
+.meta {
+  display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr)); gap: 0.6rem 1.5rem;
+  background: #fff; padding: 0.9rem; border: 1px solid #d0d7de; border-radius: 6px;
+  margin-bottom: 1rem;
+}
+.meta strong { display: block; font-size: 0.8rem; color: #656d76; font-weight: 600; }
+.cwe-list, .refs { padding-left: 1.2rem; }
+.refs li { word-break: break-all; font-size: 0.9rem; }
+
+/* diff viewer (GitLab-ish side-by-side) */
+.commit {
+  background: #fff; border: 1px solid #d0d7de; border-radius: 6px;
+  margin: 1rem 0; overflow: hidden;
+}
+.commit-header {
+  padding: 0.5rem 0.8rem; background: #f6f8fa; border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de;
+  font-size: 0.85rem; word-break: break-all;
+}
+.file { border-top: 1px solid #d0d7de; }
+.file:first-of-type { border-top: none; }
+.file-header {
+  padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem; background: #f6f8fa;
+  font-size: 0.85rem; border-bottom: 1px solid #d0d7de;
+}
+.binary { padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem; }
+
+.diff {
+  width: 100%; table-layout: fixed; border-collapse: collapse;
+  font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, monospace; font-size: 0.78rem;
+}
+.diff col, .diff td { word-break: break-word; }
+.diff col.col-ln { width: 38px; }
+.diff col.col-code { width: auto; }
+.diff td.ln {
+  text-align: right; padding: 0 4px; color: #656d76;
+  background: #f6f8fa; border-right: 1px solid #d0d7de;
+  font-size: 0.72rem; white-space: nowrap;
+  user-select: none;
+}
+.diff td.code { padding: 0; vertical-align: top; }
+.diff td.code pre {
+  margin: 0; padding: 1px 6px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-all;
+}
+.diff tr td.side-context { background: #ffffff; }
+.diff tr td.side-added   { background: #e6ffec; }
+.diff tr td.side-removed { background: #ffebe9; }
+.diff tr td.side-empty   { background: #f6f8fa; }
+.hunk-header {
+  background: #ddf4ff; color: #0969da; text-align: left;
+  padding: 4px 8px; font-weight: normal;
+}

app/templates/base.html

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <title>{% block title %}cve-diff{% endblock %}</title>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', path='style.css') }}">
+</head>
+<body>
+  <header class="topbar">
+    <a class="brand" href="/">cve-diff</a>
+    <span class="muted">explorer</span>
+  </header>
+  <main>{% block content %}{% endblock %}</main>
+</body>
+</html>

app/templates/detail.html

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% block title %}{{ cve.cve_id }}{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+<p><a href="javascript:history.back()">← back</a></p>
+
+<h1>{{ cve.cve_id }}</h1>
+
+<section class="meta">
+  <div>
+    <strong>Year</strong> {{ cve.year }}
+  </div>
+  <div>
+    <strong>Severity</strong>
+    {% if cve.cvss_base_severity %}
+      <span class="sev sev-{{ cve.cvss_base_severity|lower }}">{{ cve.cvss_base_severity }}</span>
+    {% endif %}
+    {% if cve.cvss_base_score is not none %}({{ "%.1f"|format(cve.cvss_base_score) }} — CVSS v{{ cve.cvss_version }}){% endif %}
+  </div>
+  <div><strong>Published</strong> {{ cve.published }}</div>
+  <div><strong>Modified</strong> {{ cve.last_modified }}</div>
+  <div><strong>Status</strong> {{ cve.status }}</div>
+  {% if cve.cvss_vector %}<div><strong>Vector</strong> <code>{{ cve.cvss_vector }}</code></div>{% endif %}
+  {% if cve.patch_languages %}
+  <div>
+    <strong>Languages</strong>
+    {% for l in cve.patch_languages %}<a class="chip chip-lang" href="/?language={{ l }}">{{ l }}</a>{% endfor %}
+  </div>
+  {% endif %}
+</section>
+
+<h2>Description</h2>
+<p>{{ cve.description }}</p>
+
+{% if cve.cwes %}
+<h2>CWE</h2>
+<ul class="cwe-list">
+  {% for c in cve.cwes %}
+    <li>
+      <strong>{{ c.id }}</strong> — {{ c.name }}
+      {% if c.description %}<div class="muted">{{ c.description }}</div>{% endif %}
+    </li>
+  {% endfor %}
+</ul>
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if cve.references %}
+<h2>References</h2>
+<ul class="refs">
+  {% for r in cve.references %}<li><a href="{{ r }}" rel="noreferrer noopener">{{ r }}</a></li>{% endfor %}
+</ul>
+{% endif %}
+
+<h2>Patch</h2>
+{% for commit in commits %}
+  <section class="commit">
+    {% if commit.url %}<div class="commit-header"><a href="{{ commit.url }}">{{ commit.url }}</a></div>{% endif %}
+    {% for file in commit.files %}
+      <article class="file">
+        <header class="file-header">
+          {% if file.old_path and file.new_path and file.old_path != file.new_path %}
+            <code>{{ file.old_path }}</code> → <code>{{ file.new_path }}</code>
+          {% else %}
+            <code>{{ file.new_path or file.old_path }}</code>
+          {% endif %}
+        </header>
+        {% if file.note %}
+          <div class="binary muted">{{ file.note }}</div>
+        {% endif %}
+        {% for hunk in file.hunks %}
+          <table class="diff">
+            <colgroup>
+              <col class="col-ln"><col class="col-code"><col class="col-ln"><col class="col-code">
+            </colgroup>
+            <thead>
+              <tr><th colspan="4" class="hunk-header">{{ hunk.header }}</th></tr>
+            </thead>
+            <tbody>
+            {% for row in hunk.rows %}
+              <tr>
+                <td class="ln">{{ row.left_no or "" }}</td>
+                <td class="code side-{{ row.left_kind }}"><pre>{{ "-" if row.left_kind == "removed" else (" " if row.left_kind == "context" else "") }}{{ row.left_text }}</pre></td>
+                <td class="ln">{{ row.right_no or "" }}</td>
+                <td class="code side-{{ row.right_kind }}"><pre>{{ "+" if row.right_kind == "added" else (" " if row.right_kind == "context" else "") }}{{ row.right_text }}</pre></td>
+              </tr>
+            {% endfor %}
+            </tbody>
+          </table>
+        {% endfor %}
+      </article>
+    {% endfor %}
+  </section>
+{% else %}
+  <p class="muted">No parsable patch.</p>
+{% endfor %}
+{% endblock %}

app/templates/list.html

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% block title %}cve-diff — search{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+<form class="filters" method="get" action="/" onsubmit="for(const e of this.elements){if(e.name && !e.value)e.disabled=true;}">
+  <input type="text" name="q" value="{{ filters.q }}" placeholder="CVE-ID or description…">
+  <select name="cwe">
+    <option value="">— CWE —</option>
+    {% for c in facets.cwes %}
+      <option value="{{ c }}" {% if filters.cwe == c %}selected{% endif %}>{{ c }}</option>
+    {% endfor %}
+  </select>
+  <select name="year">
+    <option value="">— year —</option>
+    {% for y in facets.years %}
+      <option value="{{ y }}" {% if filters.year == y %}selected{% endif %}>{{ y }}</option>
+    {% endfor %}
+  </select>
+  <select name="severity">
+    <option value="">— severity —</option>
+    {% for s in facets.severities %}
+      <option value="{{ s }}" {% if filters.severity == s %}selected{% endif %}>{{ s }}</option>
+    {% endfor %}
+  </select>
+  <select name="host">
+    <option value="">— host —</option>
+    {% for h in facets.hosts %}
+      <option value="{{ h }}" {% if filters.host == h %}selected{% endif %}>{{ h }}</option>
+    {% endfor %}
+  </select>
+  <select name="language">
+    <option value="">— language —</option>
+    {% for l in facets.languages %}
+      <option value="{{ l }}" {% if filters.language == l %}selected{% endif %}>{{ l }}</option>
+    {% endfor %}
+  </select>
+  <select name="patch">
+    <option value="">— patch —</option>
+    <option value="yes" {% if filters.patch == "yes" %}selected{% endif %}>with patch</option>
+    <option value="no" {% if filters.patch == "no" %}selected{% endif %}>without patch</option>
+  </select>
+  <button type="submit">Filter</button>
+  <a class="reset" href="/">reset</a>
+</form>
+
+<p class="muted">{{ total }} result(s) — page {{ page }} / {{ pages }}</p>
+
+<table class="results">
+  <thead>
+    <tr>
+      <th>CVE</th><th>Year</th><th>Severity</th><th>CWE</th><th>Hosts</th><th>Languages</th><th>Description</th>
+    </tr>
+  </thead>
+  <tbody>
+  {% for r in rows %}
+    <tr>
+      <td><a href="/cve/{{ r.cve_id }}">{{ r.cve_id }}</a></td>
+      <td>{{ r.year }}</td>
+      <td>
+        {% if r.cvss_base_severity %}
+          <span class="sev sev-{{ r.cvss_base_severity|lower }}">{{ r.cvss_base_severity }}</span>
+          {% if r.cvss_base_score is not none %}<span class="muted">{{ "%.1f"|format(r.cvss_base_score) }}</span>{% endif %}
+        {% endif %}
+      </td>
+      <td>
+        {% for c in r.cwes %}<span class="chip">{{ c.id }}</span>{% endfor %}
+      </td>
+      <td>
+        {% for h in r.patch_hosts %}<span class="chip">{{ h }}</span>{% endfor %}
+      </td>
+      <td>
+        {% for l in r.patch_languages %}<a class="chip chip-lang" href="/?{{ qs(filters, language=l, page=1) }}">{{ l }}</a>{% endfor %}
+      </td>
+      <td class="desc">{{ (r.description or "")[:200] }}{% if (r.description or "")|length > 200 %}…{% endif %}</td>
+    </tr>
+  {% else %}
+    <tr><td colspan="7" class="muted">No results.</td></tr>
+  {% endfor %}
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<nav class="pager">
+  {% if page > 1 %}<a href="/?{{ qs(filters, page=page-1) }}">← previous</a>{% endif %}
+  <span class="muted">page {{ page }} / {{ pages }}</span>
+  {% if page < pages %}<a href="/?{{ qs(filters, page=page+1) }}">next →</a>{% endif %}
+</nav>
+{% endblock %}

build_parquet.py

@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+"""Build parquet shards from dataset/cve_diff, dataset/nvd, dataset/cwe.
+
+One row per CVE that has a patch in dataset/cve_diff/data. Joins NVD metadata
+(description, weaknesses, CVSS, references, dates) and CWE definitions
+(name + short description) from the CWE XML views. Writes
+dataset/parquet/cve_diff-part<N>.parquet, capped at 300 MB per shard.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+from pathlib import Path
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+import pyarrow as pa
+import pyarrow.parquet as pq
+
+ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+DATASET = ROOT / "dataset"
+DIFF_DIR = DATASET / "cve_diff" / "data"
+NVD_DIR = DATASET / "nvd" / "data"
+CWE_DIR = DATASET / "cwe" / "data"
+OUT_DIR = DATASET / "parquet"
+
+SHARD_BUDGET_BYTES = 300 * 1024 * 1024
+ORIGIN_HEADER_RE = re.compile(r"^=== (.+?) ===\s*$", re.MULTILINE)
+CWE_ID_RE = re.compile(r"CWE-\d+", re.IGNORECASE)
+CWE_NS = {"c": "http://cwe.mitre.org/cwe-7"}
+
+# ---- Programming-language detection ----------------------------------------
+# Pulled from the file paths in `diff --git a/<old> b/<new>` headers. We rely
+# on extension/basename only (no content sniffing) because diff bodies are
+# already truncated context, not whole files. The mapping is curated for
+# languages that show up in CVE patches; extend as needed.
+
+_DIFF_PATH_RE = re.compile(r"^diff --git a/(.+?) b/(.+?)$", re.MULTILINE)
+
+_LANG_BY_EXT: dict[str, str] = {
+    # C / C++
+    "c": "C", "h": "C",
+    "cc": "C++", "cpp": "C++", "cxx": "C++", "c++": "C++",
+    "hh": "C++", "hpp": "C++", "hxx": "C++", "h++": "C++", "ipp": "C++",
+    "m": "Objective-C", "mm": "Objective-C++",
+    # JVM
+    "java": "Java",
+    "kt": "Kotlin", "kts": "Kotlin",
+    "scala": "Scala", "sc": "Scala",
+    "groovy": "Groovy", "gradle": "Groovy",
+    "clj": "Clojure", "cljs": "Clojure", "cljc": "Clojure", "edn": "Clojure",
+    # Scripting
+    "py": "Python", "pyx": "Python", "pyi": "Python", "pyw": "Python",
+    "rb": "Ruby", "rake": "Ruby", "gemspec": "Ruby",
+    "pl": "Perl", "pm": "Perl", "t": "Perl",
+    "php": "PHP", "phtml": "PHP", "php3": "PHP", "php4": "PHP",
+    "php5": "PHP", "php7": "PHP", "phps": "PHP", "inc": "PHP",
+    "lua": "Lua",
+    "sh": "Shell", "bash": "Shell", "zsh": "Shell", "ksh": "Shell",
+    "ps1": "PowerShell", "psm1": "PowerShell",
+    "tcl": "Tcl", "tk": "Tcl",
+    # Web front-end
+    "js": "JavaScript", "mjs": "JavaScript", "cjs": "JavaScript",
+    "jsx": "JavaScript",
+    "ts": "TypeScript", "tsx": "TypeScript",
+    "vue": "Vue", "svelte": "Svelte",
+    "html": "HTML", "htm": "HTML",
+    "css": "CSS",
+    "scss": "Sass", "sass": "Sass",
+    "less": "Less",
+    "coffee": "CoffeeScript",
+    # Server-side templates & CGI
+    "jsp": "JSP", "jspf": "JSP", "tag": "JSP",
+    "gsp": "Groovy",
+    "cgi": "Perl",
+    "twig": "Twig",
+    "erb": "Ruby",
+    "ctp": "PHP", "tpl": "Smarty", "smarty": "Smarty",
+    "module": "PHP", "install": "PHP",
+    "vm": "Velocity", "vtl": "Velocity",
+    "dtml": "Python",
+    "gleam": "Gleam",
+    "vala": "Vala",
+    "am": "Makefile", "in": "Makefile",
+    # Systems
+    "go": "Go",
+    "rs": "Rust",
+    "swift": "Swift",
+    "dart": "Dart",
+    "cs": "C#",
+    "vb": "Visual Basic",
+    "fs": "F#", "fsi": "F#", "fsx": "F#",
+    "ex": "Elixir", "exs": "Elixir",
+    "erl": "Erlang", "hrl": "Erlang",
+    "hs": "Haskell", "lhs": "Haskell",
+    "ml": "OCaml", "mli": "OCaml",
+    "nim": "Nim",
+    "zig": "Zig",
+    "d": "D",
+    "ada": "Ada", "adb": "Ada", "ads": "Ada",
+    "f": "Fortran", "f90": "Fortran", "f95": "Fortran", "f03": "Fortran",
+    "for": "Fortran",
+    "asm": "Assembly", "s": "Assembly",
+    # Data / config
+    "xml": "XML", "xsd": "XML", "xsl": "XML", "xslt": "XML",
+    "json": "JSON", "json5": "JSON",
+    "yaml": "YAML", "yml": "YAML",
+    "toml": "TOML",
+    "ini": "INI", "cfg": "INI", "conf": "INI", "properties": "INI",
+    "sql": "SQL",
+    "proto": "Protocol Buffers",
+    "tf": "Terraform", "tfvars": "Terraform",
+    # Build
+    "cmake": "CMake",
+    "mk": "Makefile", "make": "Makefile",
+    "bzl": "Bazel",
+    # Docs
+    "md": "Markdown", "markdown": "Markdown",
+    "rst": "reStructuredText",
+    "tex": "TeX",
+    "adoc": "AsciiDoc",
+    # Hardware description
+    "vhd": "VHDL", "vhdl": "VHDL",
+    "v": "Verilog", "sv": "SystemVerilog",
+    # Misc
+    "r": "R",
+    "jl": "Julia",
+    "rkt": "Racket",
+    "ss": "Scheme", "scm": "Scheme",
+}
+
+# Filenames with no extension (or whose extension would be misleading) that
+# unambiguously identify a language.
+_LANG_BY_BASENAME: dict[str, str] = {
+    "Dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+    "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+    "Containerfile": "Dockerfile",
+    "Makefile": "Makefile",
+    "makefile": "Makefile",
+    "GNUmakefile": "Makefile",
+    "CMakeLists.txt": "CMake",
+    "Rakefile": "Ruby",
+    "Gemfile": "Ruby",
+    "Vagrantfile": "Ruby",
+    "Podfile": "Ruby",
+    "Brewfile": "Ruby",
+    "BUILD": "Bazel", "BUILD.bazel": "Bazel",
+    "WORKSPACE": "Bazel", "WORKSPACE.bazel": "Bazel",
+    "Jenkinsfile": "Groovy",
+    "Pipfile": "TOML",
+    "configure": "Shell",
+    "configure.ac": "Shell",
+}
+
+
+def detect_languages(body: str) -> list[str]:
+    """Return sorted, unique programming languages touched by the diff."""
+    langs: set[str] = set()
+    for old_path, new_path in _DIFF_PATH_RE.findall(body):
+        # Prefer the new path; on file deletion (new=/dev/null) fall back.
+        path = new_path if new_path != "/dev/null" else old_path
+        if not path:
+            continue
+        basename = path.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+        lang = _LANG_BY_BASENAME.get(basename)
+        if lang is None and "." in basename:
+            ext = basename.rsplit(".", 1)[1].lower()
+            lang = _LANG_BY_EXT.get(ext)
+        if lang:
+            langs.add(lang)
+    return sorted(langs)
+
+
+def load_cwe_definitions() -> dict[str, dict[str, str]]:
+    """Return {CWE-22: {"name": ..., "description": ...}, ...} from XML views."""
+    defs: dict[str, dict[str, str]] = {}
+    for xml in sorted(CWE_DIR.glob("*.xml")):
+        try:
+            tree = ET.parse(xml)
+        except ET.ParseError as exc:
+            print(f"[cwe] skip {xml.name}: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+            continue
+        for w in tree.getroot().iterfind(".//c:Weakness", CWE_NS):
+            cwe_id = f"CWE-{w.attrib['ID']}"
+            if cwe_id in defs:
+                continue
+            name = w.attrib.get("Name", "")
+            desc_el = w.find("c:Description", CWE_NS)
+            description = (desc_el.text or "").strip() if desc_el is not None else ""
+            defs[cwe_id] = {"name": name, "description": description}
+    print(f"[cwe] loaded {len(defs)} definitions", file=sys.stderr)
+    return defs
+
+
+def english_description(descriptions: list[dict]) -> str:
+    for d in descriptions:
+        if d.get("lang") == "en":
+            return d.get("value", "")
+    return descriptions[0].get("value", "") if descriptions else ""
+
+
+def extract_cwes(weaknesses: list[dict]) -> list[str]:
+    seen: list[str] = []
+    for w in weaknesses or []:
+        for d in w.get("description", []):
+            for cwe_id in CWE_ID_RE.findall(d.get("value", "")):
+                norm = cwe_id.upper()
+                if norm not in seen:
+                    seen.append(norm)
+    return seen
+
+
+def best_cvss(metrics: dict) -> tuple[str | None, float | None, str | None, str | None]:
+    """Return (version, base_score, severity, vector) from the best metric available."""
+    for key in ("cvssMetricV40", "cvssMetricV31", "cvssMetricV30", "cvssMetricV2"):
+        entries = metrics.get(key) or []
+        if not entries:
+            continue
+        primary = next((e for e in entries if e.get("type") == "Primary"), entries[0])
+        data = primary.get("cvssData", {})
+        return (
+            data.get("version"),
+            data.get("baseScore"),
+            data.get("baseSeverity") or primary.get("baseSeverity"),
+            data.get("vectorString"),
+        )
+    return None, None, None, None
+
+
+def load_nvd_index() -> dict[str, dict]:
+    """Map CVE-ID -> minimal NVD payload."""
+    index: dict[str, dict] = {}
+    for path in sorted(NVD_DIR.glob("nvdcve-2.0-*.json")):
+        print(f"[nvd] {path.name}", file=sys.stderr)
+        with path.open() as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+        for v in data.get("vulnerabilities", []):
+            cve = v.get("cve") or {}
+            cid = cve.get("id")
+            if not cid:
+                continue
+            version, score, severity, vector = best_cvss(cve.get("metrics", {}))
+            index[cid] = {
+                "description": english_description(cve.get("descriptions", [])),
+                "cwes": extract_cwes(cve.get("weaknesses", [])),
+                "published": cve.get("published"),
+                "last_modified": cve.get("lastModified"),
+                "status": cve.get("vulnStatus"),
+                "source_identifier": cve.get("sourceIdentifier"),
+                "cvss_version": version,
+                "cvss_base_score": float(score) if score is not None else None,
+                "cvss_base_severity": severity,
+                "cvss_vector": vector,
+                "references": [r.get("url") for r in cve.get("references", []) if r.get("url")],
+            }
+    print(f"[nvd] indexed {len(index)} CVEs", file=sys.stderr)
+    return index
+
+
+def parse_diff(path: Path) -> tuple[list[str], str]:
+    """Return (origin_urls, patch_body). The body keeps the === headers in place."""
+    text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
+    urls = ORIGIN_HEADER_RE.findall(text)
+    return urls, text
+
+
+def host_label(url: str) -> str:
+    host = (urlparse(url).hostname or "").lower()
+    if not host:
+        return "unknown"
+    if host == "github.com" or host.endswith(".github.com"):
+        return "github"
+    if "gitlab" in host:
+        return "gitlab"
+    if host == "gitee.com":
+        return "gitee"
+    if host.startswith("cgit.") or host.startswith("git.") or "gitweb" in host:
+        return "cgit"
+    return host
+
+
+_EMPTY_META = {
+    "description": "",
+    "cwes": [],
+    "published": None,
+    "last_modified": None,
+    "status": None,
+    "source_identifier": None,
+    "cvss_version": None,
+    "cvss_base_score": None,
+    "cvss_base_severity": None,
+    "cvss_vector": None,
+    "references": [],
+}
+
+
+def build_rows(cwe_defs: dict[str, dict[str, str]], nvd_index: dict[str, dict]):
+    """Emit one row per CVE in (NVD ∪ patch files).
+
+    A CVE is included whether or not it has a patch — `has_patch` flags the
+    distinction so the UI/notebook can filter either way. Patch-less rows
+    keep empty `patch_diff`, `patch_urls`, `patch_hosts`, `patch_languages`.
+    """
+    diff_paths = {p.stem: p for p in DIFF_DIR.rglob("CVE-*.diff")}
+    all_ids = sorted(set(nvd_index.keys()) | set(diff_paths.keys()))
+    print(f"[build] {len(all_ids)} CVEs (NVD: {len(nvd_index)}, "
+          f"patches: {len(diff_paths)})", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    n_with_patch = 0
+    n_without_patch = 0
+    n_no_nvd = 0
+
+    for cve_id in all_ids:
+        path = diff_paths.get(cve_id)
+        if path is not None:
+            urls, body = parse_diff(path)
+            if not body.strip():
+                urls, body = [], ""
+        else:
+            urls, body = [], ""
+
+        meta = nvd_index.get(cve_id)
+        if meta is None:
+            n_no_nvd += 1
+            meta = _EMPTY_META
+
+        cwe_details = [
+            {
+                "id": cid,
+                "name": cwe_defs.get(cid, {}).get("name", ""),
+                "description": cwe_defs.get(cid, {}).get("description", ""),
+            }
+            for cid in meta["cwes"]
+        ]
+        try:
+            year = int(cve_id.split("-")[1])
+        except (IndexError, ValueError):
+            year = 0
+
+        has_patch = bool(body)
+        if has_patch:
+            n_with_patch += 1
+        else:
+            n_without_patch += 1
+
+        yield {
+            "cve_id": cve_id,
+            "year": year,
+            "description": meta["description"],
+            "cwes": cwe_details,
+            "patch_diff": body,
+            "patch_urls": urls,
+            "patch_hosts": sorted({host_label(u) for u in urls}),
+            "patch_languages": detect_languages(body),
+            "has_patch": has_patch,
+            "published": meta["published"],
+            "last_modified": meta["last_modified"],
+            "status": meta["status"],
+            "source_identifier": meta["source_identifier"],
+            "cvss_version": meta["cvss_version"],
+            "cvss_base_score": meta["cvss_base_score"],
+            "cvss_base_severity": meta["cvss_base_severity"],
+            "cvss_vector": meta["cvss_vector"],
+            "references": meta["references"],
+        }
+
+    print(
+        f"[build] rows: with_patch={n_with_patch} "
+        f"without_patch={n_without_patch} (missing_nvd={n_no_nvd})",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+
+
+SCHEMA = pa.schema(
+    [
+        ("cve_id", pa.string()),
+        ("year", pa.int32()),
+        ("description", pa.string()),
+        (
+            "cwes",
+            pa.list_(
+                pa.struct(
+                    [
+                        ("id", pa.string()),
+                        ("name", pa.string()),
+                        ("description", pa.string()),
+                    ]
+                )
+            ),
+        ),
+        ("patch_diff", pa.large_string()),
+        ("patch_urls", pa.list_(pa.string())),
+        ("patch_hosts", pa.list_(pa.string())),
+        ("patch_languages", pa.list_(pa.string())),
+        ("has_patch", pa.bool_()),
+        ("published", pa.string()),
+        ("last_modified", pa.string()),
+        ("status", pa.string()),
+        ("source_identifier", pa.string()),
+        ("cvss_version", pa.string()),
+        ("cvss_base_score", pa.float64()),
+        ("cvss_base_severity", pa.string()),
+        ("cvss_vector", pa.string()),
+        ("references", pa.list_(pa.string())),
+    ]
+)
+
+
+def write_shards(rows):
+    OUT_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    for old in OUT_DIR.glob("cve_diff-part*.parquet"):
+        old.unlink()
+
+    shard_index = 1
+    buffer: list[dict] = []
+    buffer_bytes = 0
+
+    def flush():
+        nonlocal shard_index, buffer, buffer_bytes
+        if not buffer:
+            return
+        table = pa.Table.from_pylist(buffer, schema=SCHEMA)
+        out = OUT_DIR / f"cve_diff-part{shard_index:03d}.parquet"
+        pq.write_table(table, out, compression="zstd")
+        print(f"[parquet] wrote {out.name} rows={len(buffer)} size={out.stat().st_size:,}B", file=sys.stderr)
+        shard_index += 1
+        buffer = []
+        buffer_bytes = 0
+
+    for row in rows:
+        # raw size estimate: diff + description dominate
+        approx = len(row["patch_diff"].encode("utf-8", errors="replace"))
+        approx += len((row["description"] or "").encode("utf-8", errors="replace"))
+        # zstd typically gets diffs to ~25% — be conservative at 50%
+        if buffer_bytes and buffer_bytes + approx > SHARD_BUDGET_BYTES * 2:
+            flush()
+        buffer.append(row)
+        buffer_bytes += approx
+
+    flush()
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    cwe_defs = load_cwe_definitions()
+    nvd_index = load_nvd_index()
+    write_shards(build_rows(cwe_defs, nvd_index))
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

explore.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,1061 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "4ec4c2e2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "# Exploring the CVE ↔ patch dataset\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Reading the parquet produced by `build_parquet.py` with Polars, plus example queries."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "4db5c96a",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.182768Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.182674Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.245899Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.245606Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Schema([('cve_id', String),\n",
+       "        ('year', Int32),\n",
+       "        ('description', String),\n",
+       "        ('cwes',\n",
+       "         List(Struct({'id': String, 'name': String, 'description': String}))),\n",
+       "        ('patch_diff', String),\n",
+       "        ('patch_urls', List(String)),\n",
+       "        ('patch_hosts', List(String)),\n",
+       "        ('patch_languages', List(String)),\n",
+       "        ('has_patch', Boolean),\n",
+       "        ('published', String),\n",
+       "        ('last_modified', String),\n",
+       "        ('status', String),\n",
+       "        ('source_identifier', String),\n",
+       "        ('cvss_version', String),\n",
+       "        ('cvss_base_score', Float64),\n",
+       "        ('cvss_base_severity', String),\n",
+       "        ('cvss_vector', String),\n",
+       "        ('references', List(String))])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 1,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "from pathlib import Path\n",
+    "import polars as pl\n",
+    "\n",
+    "pl.Config.set_fmt_str_lengths(120)\n",
+    "pl.Config.set_tbl_rows(20)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "PARQUET_GLOB = str(Path(\"dataset/parquet\") / \"cve_diff-part*.parquet\")\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# scan_parquet is lazy: Polars only loads the columns / rows it needs.\n",
+    "lf = pl.scan_parquet(PARQUET_GLOB)\n",
+    "lf.collect_schema()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "c4d9849b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 1. Overview"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "id": "a63ddf22",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.246917Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.246822Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.252529Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.252237Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (1, 6)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>rows</th><th>with_patch</th><th>without_patch</th><th>year_min</th><th>year_max</th><th>cvss_mean</th></tr><tr><td>u32</td><td>u32</td><td>u32</td><td>i32</td><td>i32</td><td>f64</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>351884</td><td>25015</td><td>326869</td><td>1999</td><td>2026</td><td>6.8</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (1, 6)\n",
+       "┌────────┬────────────┬───────────────┬──────────┬──────────┬───────────┐\n",
+       "│ rows   ┆ with_patch ┆ without_patch ┆ year_min ┆ year_max ┆ cvss_mean │\n",
+       "│ ---    ┆ ---        ┆ ---           ┆ ---      ┆ ---      ┆ ---       │\n",
+       "│ u32    ┆ u32        ┆ u32           ┆ i32      ┆ i32      ┆ f64       │\n",
+       "╞════════╪════════════╪═══════════════╪══════════╪══════════╪═══════════╡\n",
+       "│ 351884 ┆ 25015      ┆ 326869        ┆ 1999     ┆ 2026     ┆ 6.8       │\n",
+       "└────────┴────────────┴───────────────┴──────────┴──────────┴───────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "lf.select(\n",
+    "    pl.len().alias(\"rows\"),\n",
+    "    pl.col(\"has_patch\").sum().alias(\"with_patch\"),\n",
+    "    (~pl.col(\"has_patch\")).sum().alias(\"without_patch\"),\n",
+    "    pl.col(\"year\").min().alias(\"year_min\"),\n",
+    "    pl.col(\"year\").max().alias(\"year_max\"),\n",
+    "    pl.col(\"cvss_base_score\").mean().round(2).alias(\"cvss_mean\"),\n",
+    ").collect()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "id": "ef8791db",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.253597Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.253506Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.259428Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.259060Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (5, 5)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>cve_id</th><th>year</th><th>cvss_base_severity</th><th>cvss_base_score</th><th>description</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>i32</td><td>str</td><td>f64</td><td>str</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&quot;CVE-1999-0001&quot;</td><td>1999</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>5.0</td><td>&quot;ip_input.c in BSD-derived TCP/IP implementations allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash or hang) vi…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-1999-0002&quot;</td><td>1999</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;Buffer overflow in NFS mountd gives root access to remote attackers, mostly in Linux systems.&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-1999-0003&quot;</td><td>1999</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;Execute commands as root via buffer overflow in Tooltalk database server (rpc.ttdbserverd).&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-1999-0004&quot;</td><td>1999</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>5.0</td><td>&quot;MIME buffer overflow in email clients, e.g. Solaris mailtool and Outlook.&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-1999-0005&quot;</td><td>1999</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;Arbitrary command execution via IMAP buffer overflow in authenticate command.&quot;</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (5, 5)\n",
+       "┌───────────────┬──────┬────────────────────┬─────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┐\n",
+       "│ cve_id        ┆ year ┆ cvss_base_severity ┆ cvss_base_score ┆ description                        │\n",
+       "│ ---           ┆ ---  ┆ ---                ┆ ---             ┆ ---                                │\n",
+       "│ str           ┆ i32  ┆ str                ┆ f64             ┆ str                                │\n",
+       "╞═══════════════╪══════╪════════════════════╪═════════════════╪════════════════════════════════════╡\n",
+       "│ CVE-1999-0001 ┆ 1999 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ 5.0             ┆ ip_input.c in BSD-derived TCP/IP   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ implementations allows remote      │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ attackers to cause a denial of     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ service (crash or hang) vi…        │\n",
+       "│ CVE-1999-0002 ┆ 1999 ┆ HIGH               ┆ 10.0            ┆ Buffer overflow in NFS mountd      │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ gives root access to remote        │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ attackers, mostly in Linux         │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ systems.                           │\n",
+       "│ CVE-1999-0003 ┆ 1999 ┆ HIGH               ┆ 10.0            ┆ Execute commands as root via       │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ buffer overflow in Tooltalk        │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ database server (rpc.ttdbserverd). │\n",
+       "│ CVE-1999-0004 ┆ 1999 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ 5.0             ┆ MIME buffer overflow in email      │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ clients, e.g. Solaris mailtool and │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ Outlook.                           │\n",
+       "│ CVE-1999-0005 ┆ 1999 ┆ HIGH               ┆ 10.0            ┆ Arbitrary command execution via    │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ IMAP buffer overflow in            │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆                 ┆ authenticate command.              │\n",
+       "└───────────────┴──────┴────────────────────┴─────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "lf.select(\"cve_id\", \"year\", \"cvss_base_severity\", \"cvss_base_score\", \"description\").head(5).collect()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "d8448374",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 2. Distribution by year, host, and language"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "342ba1a0",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.260418Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.260322Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.264718Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.264411Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (28, 2)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>year</th><th>n</th></tr><tr><td>i32</td><td>u32</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1999</td><td>1579</td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td>1243</td></tr><tr><td>2001</td><td>1556</td></tr><tr><td>2002</td><td>2393</td></tr><tr><td>2003</td><td>1555</td></tr><tr><td>2004</td><td>2707</td></tr><tr><td>2005</td><td>4770</td></tr><tr><td>2006</td><td>7145</td></tr><tr><td>2007</td><td>6580</td></tr><tr><td>2008</td><td>7179</td></tr><tr><td>&hellip;</td><td>&hellip;</td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>17061</td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>17719</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>17571</td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>21047</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>23419</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>27501</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>31191</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>39094</td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>44388</td></tr><tr><td>2026</td><td>19825</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (28, 2)\n",
+       "┌──────┬───────┐\n",
+       "│ year ┆ n     │\n",
+       "│ ---  ┆ ---   │\n",
+       "│ i32  ┆ u32   │\n",
+       "╞══════╪═══════╡\n",
+       "│ 1999 ┆ 1579  │\n",
+       "│ 2000 ┆ 1243  │\n",
+       "│ 2001 ┆ 1556  │\n",
+       "│ 2002 ┆ 2393  │\n",
+       "│ 2003 ┆ 1555  │\n",
+       "│ 2004 ┆ 2707  │\n",
+       "│ 2005 ┆ 4770  │\n",
+       "│ 2006 ┆ 7145  │\n",
+       "│ 2007 ┆ 6580  │\n",
+       "│ 2008 ┆ 7179  │\n",
+       "│ …    ┆ …     │\n",
+       "│ 2017 ┆ 17061 │\n",
+       "│ 2018 ┆ 17719 │\n",
+       "│ 2019 ┆ 17571 │\n",
+       "│ 2020 ┆ 21047 │\n",
+       "│ 2021 ┆ 23419 │\n",
+       "│ 2022 ┆ 27501 │\n",
+       "│ 2023 ┆ 31191 │\n",
+       "│ 2024 ┆ 39094 │\n",
+       "│ 2025 ┆ 44388 │\n",
+       "│ 2026 ┆ 19825 │\n",
+       "└──────┴───────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "lf.group_by(\"year\").agg(pl.len().alias(\"n\")).sort(\"year\").collect()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "id": "0f4e302e",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.265807Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.265717Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.277607Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.277299Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (10, 2)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>host</th><th>n</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>u32</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>null</td><td>326869</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;github&quot;</td><td>23593</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;cgit&quot;</td><td>1648</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;gitlab&quot;</td><td>325</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;w1.fi&quot;</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;anongit.mindrot.org&quot;</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;repo.or.cz&quot;</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;web.git.kernel.org&quot;</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;sourceware.org&quot;</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;roy.marples.name&quot;</td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (10, 2)\n",
+       "┌────���────────────────┬────────┐\n",
+       "│ host                ┆ n      │\n",
+       "│ ---                 ┆ ---    │\n",
+       "│ str                 ┆ u32    │\n",
+       "╞═════════════════════╪════════╡\n",
+       "│ null                ┆ 326869 │\n",
+       "│ github              ┆ 23593  │\n",
+       "│ cgit                ┆ 1648   │\n",
+       "│ gitlab              ┆ 325    │\n",
+       "│ w1.fi               ┆ 7      │\n",
+       "│ anongit.mindrot.org ┆ 6      │\n",
+       "│ repo.or.cz          ┆ 3      │\n",
+       "│ web.git.kernel.org  ┆ 2      │\n",
+       "│ sourceware.org      ┆ 1      │\n",
+       "│ roy.marples.name    ┆ 1      │\n",
+       "└─────────────────────┴────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.select(pl.col(\"patch_hosts\").explode().alias(\"host\"))\n",
+    "    .group_by(\"host\")\n",
+    "    .agg(pl.len().alias(\"n\"))\n",
+    "    .sort(\"n\", descending=True)\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "id": "7667e9df",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.278613Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.278524Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.288577Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.288240Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (15, 2)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>language</th><th>n</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>u32</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&quot;C&quot;</td><td>7002</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;PHP&quot;</td><td>5129</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;Python&quot;</td><td>2936</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;JavaScript&quot;</td><td>2751</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;Markdown&quot;</td><td>2519</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;TypeScript&quot;</td><td>1804</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;C++&quot;</td><td>1696</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;Go&quot;</td><td>1573</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;Java&quot;</td><td>1285</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;JSON&quot;</td><td>1272</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;YAML&quot;</td><td>1028</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;Ruby&quot;</td><td>808</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;XML&quot;</td><td>516</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;HTML&quot;</td><td>507</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;reStructuredText&quot;</td><td>475</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (15, 2)\n",
+       "┌──────────────────┬──────┐\n",
+       "│ language         ┆ n    │\n",
+       "│ ---              ┆ ---  │\n",
+       "│ str              ┆ u32  │\n",
+       "╞══════════════════╪══════╡\n",
+       "│ C                ┆ 7002 │\n",
+       "│ PHP              ┆ 5129 │\n",
+       "│ Python           ┆ 2936 │\n",
+       "│ JavaScript       ┆ 2751 │\n",
+       "│ Markdown         ┆ 2519 │\n",
+       "│ TypeScript       ┆ 1804 │\n",
+       "│ C++              ┆ 1696 │\n",
+       "│ Go               ┆ 1573 │\n",
+       "│ Java             ┆ 1285 │\n",
+       "│ JSON             ┆ 1272 │\n",
+       "│ YAML             ┆ 1028 │\n",
+       "│ Ruby             ┆ 808  │\n",
+       "│ XML              ┆ 516  │\n",
+       "│ HTML             ┆ 507  │\n",
+       "│ reStructuredText ┆ 475  │\n",
+       "└──────────────────┴──────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.select(pl.col(\"patch_languages\").explode().alias(\"language\"))\n",
+    "    .drop_nulls()\n",
+    "    .group_by(\"language\")\n",
+    "    .agg(pl.len().alias(\"n\"))\n",
+    "    .sort(\"n\", descending=True)\n",
+    "    .head(15)\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "d59aec00",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 3. Top CWEs\n",
+    "\n",
+    "`cwes` is a list of structs `{id, name, description}`. Explode and aggregate."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "id": "825e2113",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.289695Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.289585Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.321406Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.321009Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (10, 3)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>id</th><th>name</th><th>n</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>str</td><td>u32</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>null</td><td>null</td><td>73644</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-79&quot;</td><td>&quot;Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (&#x27;Cross-site Scripting&#x27;)&quot;</td><td>44166</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-89&quot;</td><td>&quot;Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (&#x27;SQL Injection&#x27;)&quot;</td><td>19034</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-787&quot;</td><td>&quot;Out-of-bounds Write&quot;</td><td>13975</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-119&quot;</td><td>&quot;Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer&quot;</td><td>13818</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-20&quot;</td><td>&quot;Improper Input Validation&quot;</td><td>12173</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-200&quot;</td><td>&quot;Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor&quot;</td><td>9958</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-352&quot;</td><td>&quot;Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)&quot;</td><td>9185</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-22&quot;</td><td>&quot;Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (&#x27;Path Traversal&#x27;)&quot;</td><td>8905</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CWE-125&quot;</td><td>&quot;Out-of-bounds Read&quot;</td><td>8596</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (10, 3)\n",
+       "┌─────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┬───────┐\n",
+       "│ id      ┆ name                                                                           ┆ n     │\n",
+       "│ ---     ┆ ---                                                                            ┆ ---   │\n",
+       "│ str     ┆ str                                                                            ┆ u32   │\n",
+       "╞═════════╪════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╪═══════╡\n",
+       "│ null    ┆ null                                                                           ┆ 73644 │\n",
+       "│ CWE-79  ┆ Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site       ┆ 44166 │\n",
+       "│         ┆ Scripting')                                                                    ┆       │\n",
+       "│ CWE-89  ┆ Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL       ┆ 19034 │\n",
+       "│         ┆ Injection')                                                                    ┆       │\n",
+       "│ CWE-787 ┆ Out-of-bounds Write                                                            ┆ 13975 │\n",
+       "│ CWE-119 ┆ Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer        ┆ 13818 │\n",
+       "│ CWE-20  ┆ Improper Input Validation                                                      ┆ 12173 │\n",
+       "│ CWE-200 ┆ Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor                     ┆ 9958  │\n",
+       "│ CWE-352 ┆ Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)                                              ┆ 9185  │\n",
+       "│ CWE-22  ┆ Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') ┆ 8905  │\n",
+       "│ CWE-125 ┆ Out-of-bounds Read                                                             ┆ 8596  │\n",
+       "└─────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┴───────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.select(pl.col(\"cwes\").explode())\n",
+    "    .unnest(\"cwes\")\n",
+    "    .group_by(\"id\", \"name\")\n",
+    "    .agg(pl.len().alias(\"n\"))\n",
+    "    .sort(\"n\", descending=True)\n",
+    "    .head(10)\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "aa26933c",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 4. Filter: CRITICAL or HIGH CVEs with a GitHub patch"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "id": "fa81ae21",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.322395Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.322286Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.355992Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.355695Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (10, 4)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>cve_id</th><th>cvss_base_score</th><th>cvss_base_severity</th><th>description</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>f64</td><td>str</td><td>str</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-4502&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in the parse_notify function in sgminer before 4.2.2, cgminer before 4.3.5, and BFG…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2010-4802&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Commands.pm in Mojolicious before 0.999928 does not properly perform CGI environment detection, which has unspecified im…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2012-6552&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Unspecified vulnerability in admin/action.php in phpVMS 2.1.x before 2.1.935 has unknown impact and attack vectors.&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2013-4265&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;The av_reallocp_array function in libavutil/mem.c in FFmpeg before 2.0.1 has an unspecified impact and remote vectors re…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-0749&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Stack-based buffer overflow in lib/Libdis/disrsi_.c in Terascale Open-Source Resource and Queue Manager (aka TORQUE Reso…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-1236&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Stack-based buffer overflow in the chkNum function in lib/cgraph/scan.l in Graphviz 2.34.0 allows remote attackers to ha…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-2523&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_dccp.c in the Linux kernel through 3.13.6 uses a DCCP header pointer incorrectly, which…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-3496&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;cartridge_repository.rb in OpenShift Origin and Enterprise 1.2.8 through 2.1.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitr…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-3828&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Centreon 2.5.1 and Centreon Enterprise Server 2.2 (fixed in Centreon web 2.5.3…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2014-3829&quot;</td><td>10.0</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;displayServiceStatus.php in Centreon 2.5.1 and Centreon Enterprise Server 2.2 (fixed in Centreon web 2.5.3) allows remot…</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (10, 4)\n",
+       "┌───────────────┬─────────────────┬────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────┐\n",
+       "│ cve_id        ┆ cvss_base_score ┆ cvss_base_severity ┆ description                               │\n",
+       "│ ---           ┆ ---             ┆ ---                ┆ ---                                       │\n",
+       "│ str           ┆ f64             ┆ str                ┆ str                                       │\n",
+       "╞═══════════════╪═════════════════╪════════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════╡\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-4502 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in   │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ the parse_notify function in sgminer      │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ before 4.2.2, cgminer before 4.3.5, and   │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ BFG…                                      │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2010-4802 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ Commands.pm in Mojolicious before         │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ 0.999928 does not properly perform CGI    │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ environment detection, which has          │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ unspecified im…                           │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2012-6552 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ Unspecified vulnerability in              │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ admin/action.php in phpVMS 2.1.x before   │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ 2.1.935 has unknown impact and attack     │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ vectors.                                  │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2013-4265 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ The av_reallocp_array function in         │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ libavutil/mem.c in FFmpeg before 2.0.1    │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ has an unspecified impact and remote      │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ vectors re…                               │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-0749 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ Stack-based buffer overflow in            │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ lib/Libdis/disrsi_.c in Terascale         │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ Open-Source Resource and Queue Manager    │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ (aka TORQUE Reso…                         │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-1236 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ Stack-based buffer overflow in the chkNum │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ function in lib/cgraph/scan.l in Graphviz │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ 2.34.0 allows remote attackers to ha…     │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-2523 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_proto_dccp.c   │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ in the Linux kernel through 3.13.6 uses a │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ DCCP header pointer incorrectly, which…   │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-3496 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ cartridge_repository.rb in OpenShift      │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ Origin and Enterprise 1.2.8 through 2.1.1 │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ allows remote attackers to execute        │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ arbitr…                                   │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-3828 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ Centreon 2.5.1 and Centreon Enterprise    │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ Server 2.2 (fixed in Centreon web 2.5.3…  │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2014-3829 ┆ 10.0            ┆ HIGH               ┆ displayServiceStatus.php in Centreon      │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ 2.5.1 and Centreon Enterprise Server 2.2  │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ (fixed in Centreon web 2.5.3) allows      │\n",
+       "│               ┆                 ┆                    ┆ remot…                                    │\n",
+       "└───────────────┴─────────────────┴────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.filter(\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"cvss_base_severity\").is_in([\"HIGH\", \"CRITICAL\"]),\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"patch_hosts\").list.contains(\"github\"),\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "    .select(\"cve_id\", \"cvss_base_score\", \"cvss_base_severity\", \"description\")\n",
+    "    .sort(\"cvss_base_score\", descending=True)\n",
+    "    .head(10)\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "2154fb44",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 5. Filter: CVEs touching a specific language (e.g. Rust)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "`patch_languages` is a list of language names — use `.list.contains()` for an \"any\" match."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "id": "67351901",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.357070Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.356972Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.377693Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.377332Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (10, 5)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>cve_id</th><th>year</th><th>cvss_base_severity</th><th>patch_languages</th><th>description</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>i32</td><td>str</td><td>list[str]</td><td>str</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-6994&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Bazel&quot;, &quot;C&quot;, … &quot;reStructuredText&quot;]</td><td>&quot;A weakness has been identified in Envoy up to 1.33.0. Affected is the function params.add of the file source/extensions/…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-6143&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;LOW&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Rust&quot;]</td><td>&quot;A security flaw has been discovered in farion1231 cc-switch up to 3.12.3. Affected by this issue is some unknown functio…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-5125&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;LOW&quot;</td><td>[&quot;JSON&quot;, &quot;Markdown&quot;, … &quot;TypeScript&quot;]</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability was detected in raine consult-llm-mcp up to 2.5.3. Affected by this vulnerability is the function child_…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-43991&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Rust&quot;, &quot;TOML&quot;]</td><td>&quot;JunoClaw is an agentic AI platform built on Juno Network. Prior to 0.x.y-security-1, substring-based blocklist in plugin…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-43990&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Rust&quot;, &quot;TOML&quot;]</td><td>&quot;JunoClaw is an agentic AI platform built on Juno Network. Prior to 0.x.y-security-1, plugin-shell&#x27;s run_command wrapped …</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-43914&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;CRITICAL&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Rust&quot;]</td><td>&quot;Vaultwarden is a Bitwarden-compatible server written in Rust. Prior to 1.35.4, there is a security vulnerability in Vaul…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-42559&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Rust&quot;]</td><td>&quot;RMCP is an official Rust SDK for the Model Context Protocol. Prior to version 1.4.0, the rmcp crate&#x27;s Streamable HTTP se…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-42278&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Markdown&quot;, &quot;Rust&quot;]</td><td>&quot;UltraDAG is a minimal DAG-BFT blockchain in Rust. Prior to commit fb6ef59, the UltraDAG StateEngine implementation of Sm…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-42199&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Markdown&quot;, &quot;Rust&quot;]</td><td>&quot;Grid is a data structure grid for rust. From version 0.17.0 to before version 1.0.1, an integer overflow in Grid::expand…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-42189&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>[&quot;Rust&quot;]</td><td>&quot;Russh is a Rust SSH client &amp; server library. Prior to version 0.60.1, a pre-authentication denial-of-service vulnerabili…</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (10, 5)\n",
+       "┌────────────────┬──────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐\n",
+       "│ cve_id         ┆ year ┆ cvss_base_severity ┆ patch_languages          ┆ description              │\n",
+       "│ ---            ┆ ---  ┆ ---                ┆ ---                      ┆ ---                      │\n",
+       "│ str            ┆ i32  ┆ str                ┆ list[str]                ┆ str                      │\n",
+       "╞════════════════╪══════╪════════════════════╪══════════════════════════╪══════════════════════════╡\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-6994  ┆ 2026 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ [\"Bazel\", \"C\", …         ┆ A weakness has been      │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆ \"reStructuredText\"]      ┆ identified in Envoy up   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ to 1.33.0. Affected is   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ the function params.add  │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ of the file              │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ source/extensions/…      │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-6143  ┆ 2026 ┆ LOW                ┆ [\"Rust\"]                 ┆ A security flaw has been │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ discovered in farion1231 │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ cc-switch up to 3.12.3.  │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Affected by this issue   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ is some unknown functio… │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-5125  ┆ 2026 ┆ LOW                ┆ [\"JSON\", \"Markdown\", …   ┆ A vulnerability was      │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆ \"TypeScript\"]            ┆ detected in raine        │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ consult-llm-mcp up to    │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ 2.5.3. Affected by this  │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ vulnerability is the     │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ function child_…         │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-43991 ┆ 2026 ┆ HIGH               ┆ [\"Rust\", \"TOML\"]         ┆ JunoClaw is an agentic   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ AI platform built on     │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Juno Network. Prior to   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ 0.x.y-security-1,        │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ substring-based          │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ blocklist in plugin…     │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-43990 ┆ 2026 ┆ HIGH               ┆ [\"Rust\", \"TOML\"]         ┆ JunoClaw is an agentic   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ AI platform built on     │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Juno Network. Prior to   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ 0.x.y-security-1,        │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ plugin-shell's           │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ run_command wrapped …    │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-43914 ┆ 2026 ┆ CRITICAL           ┆ [\"Rust\"]                 ┆ Vaultwarden is a         │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Bitwarden-compatible     │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ server written in Rust.  │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Prior to 1.35.4, there   │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ is a security            │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ vulnerability in Vaul…   │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-42559 ┆ 2026 ┆ HIGH               ┆ [\"Rust\"]                 ┆ RMCP is an official Rust │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ SDK for the Model        │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Context Protocol. Prior  │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ to version 1.4.0, the    │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ rmcp crate's Streamable  │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ HTTP se…                 │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-42278 ┆ 2026 ┆ HIGH               ┆ [\"Markdown\", \"Rust\"]     ┆ UltraDAG is a minimal    │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ DAG-BFT blockchain in    │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Rust. Prior to commit    │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ fb6ef59, the UltraDAG    │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ StateEngine              │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ implementation of Sm…    │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-42199 ┆ 2026 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ [\"Markdown\", \"Rust\"]     ┆ Grid is a data structure │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ grid for rust. From      │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ version 0.17.0 to before │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ version 1.0.1, an        │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ integer overflow in      │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Grid::expand…            │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-42189 ┆ 2026 ┆ HIGH               ┆ [\"Rust\"]                 ┆ Russh is a Rust SSH      │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ client & server library. │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ Prior to version 0.60.1, │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ a pre-authentication     │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ denial-of-service        │\n",
+       "│                ┆      ┆                    ┆                          ┆ vulnerabili…             │\n",
+       "└────────────────┴──────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.filter(pl.col(\"patch_languages\").list.contains(\"Rust\"))\n",
+    "    .select(\"cve_id\", \"year\", \"cvss_base_severity\", \"patch_languages\", \"description\")\n",
+    "    .sort(\"cve_id\", descending=True)\n",
+    "    .head(10)\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "cb3a6b27",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 6. Filter: CVEs with or without a patch\n",
+    "\n",
+    "The parquet now contains every NVD CVE, whether or not a fixing-commit diff\n",
+    "was found. Use the `has_patch` boolean column to filter either way."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "id": "8837d7c2",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.378585Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.378494Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.383269Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.382931Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (15, 4)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>year</th><th>total</th><th>with_patch</th><th>pct_with_patch</th></tr><tr><td>i32</td><td>u32</td><td>u32</td><td>f64</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2012</td><td>5939</td><td>359</td><td>6.0</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td>6830</td><td>441</td><td>6.5</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>9002</td><td>560</td><td>6.2</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>8779</td><td>612</td><td>7.0</td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td>10611</td><td>856</td><td>8.1</td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>17061</td><td>1182</td><td>6.9</td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>17719</td><td>1032</td><td>5.8</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>17571</td><td>1132</td><td>6.4</td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>21047</td><td>1433</td><td>6.8</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>23419</td><td>2193</td><td>9.4</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>27501</td><td>2829</td><td>10.3</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>31191</td><td>2691</td><td>8.6</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>39094</td><td>2506</td><td>6.4</td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>44388</td><td>3149</td><td>7.1</td></tr><tr><td>2026</td><td>19825</td><td>3730</td><td>18.8</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (15, 4)\n",
+       "┌──────┬───────┬────────────┬────────────────┐\n",
+       "│ year ┆ total ┆ with_patch ┆ pct_with_patch │\n",
+       "│ ---  ┆ ---   ┆ ---        ┆ ---            │\n",
+       "│ i32  ┆ u32   ┆ u32        ┆ f64            │\n",
+       "╞══════╪═══════╪════════════╪════════════════╡\n",
+       "│ 2012 ┆ 5939  ┆ 359        ┆ 6.0            │\n",
+       "│ 2013 ┆ 6830  ┆ 441        ┆ 6.5            │\n",
+       "│ 2014 ┆ 9002  ┆ 560        ┆ 6.2            │\n",
+       "│ 2015 ┆ 8779  ┆ 612        ┆ 7.0            │\n",
+       "│ 2016 ┆ 10611 ┆ 856        ┆ 8.1            │\n",
+       "│ 2017 ┆ 17061 ┆ 1182       ┆ 6.9            │\n",
+       "│ 2018 ┆ 17719 ┆ 1032       ┆ 5.8            │\n",
+       "│ 2019 ┆ 17571 ┆ 1132       ┆ 6.4            │\n",
+       "│ 2020 ┆ 21047 ┆ 1433       ┆ 6.8            │\n",
+       "│ 2021 ┆ 23419 ┆ 2193       ┆ 9.4            │\n",
+       "│ 2022 ┆ 27501 ┆ 2829       ┆ 10.3           │\n",
+       "│ 2023 ┆ 31191 ┆ 2691       ┆ 8.6            │\n",
+       "│ 2024 ┆ 39094 ┆ 2506       ┆ 6.4            │\n",
+       "│ 2025 ┆ 44388 ┆ 3149       ┆ 7.1            │\n",
+       "│ 2026 ┆ 19825 ┆ 3730       ┆ 18.8           │\n",
+       "└──────┴───────┴────────────┴────────────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.group_by(\"year\")\n",
+    "    .agg(\n",
+    "        pl.len().alias(\"total\"),\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"has_patch\").sum().alias(\"with_patch\"),\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "    .with_columns((pl.col(\"with_patch\") / pl.col(\"total\") * 100).round(1).alias(\"pct_with_patch\"))\n",
+    "    .sort(\"year\")\n",
+    "    .tail(15)\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "63720989",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 7. Find a specific CWE (e.g. CWE-22 Path Traversal)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "id": "70d0da26",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.384321Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.384226Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.426208Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.425879Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (8_905, 4)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>cve_id</th><th>year</th><th>cvss_base_severity</th><th>description</th></tr><tr><td>str</td><td>i32</td><td>str</td><td>str</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2001-0054&quot;</td><td>2001</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in FTP Serv-U before 2.5i allows remote attackers to escape the FTP root and read arbi…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2001-0780&quot;</td><td>2001</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in cosmicpro.cgi in Cosmicperl Directory Pro 2.0 allows remote attackers to gain sensi…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2001-0925&quot;</td><td>2001</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;The default installation of Apache before 1.3.19 allows remote attackers to list directories instead of the multiview in…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2001-1205&quot;</td><td>2001</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in lastlines.cgi for Last Lines 2.0 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files vi…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2001-1432&quot;</td><td>2001</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in Cherokee Web Server allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot d…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2001-1586&quot;</td><td>2001</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in SimpleServer:WWW 1.13 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary prog…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2002-2154&quot;</td><td>2002</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in Monkey HTTP Daemon 0.1.4 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via .. (do…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2002-2229&quot;</td><td>2002</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in Sapio Design Ltd. WebReflex 1.53 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files vi…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2002-2233&quot;</td><td>2002</td><td>&quot;HIGH&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in Enceladus Server Suite 3.9 allows remote attackers to list arbitrary directories an…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2002-2238&quot;</td><td>2002</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;Directory traversal vulnerability in the Kunani ODBC FTP Server 1.0.10 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files v…</td></tr><tr><td>&hellip;</td><td>&hellip;</td><td>&hellip;</td><td>&hellip;</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8736&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;LOW&quot;</td><td>&quot;A security flaw has been discovered in Oinone Pamirs up to 7.2.0. This vulnerability affects the function request.getPar…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8754&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;LOW&quot;</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability was detected in AstrBotDevs AstrBot up to 4.23.5. Impacted is the function post_file of the file astrbot…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8755&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;A flaw has been found in fishaudio Bert-VITS2 up to 8f7fbd8c4770965225d258db548da27dc8dd934c. The affected element is th…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8756&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability has been found in fishaudio Bert-VITS2 up to 8f7fbd8c4770965225d258db548da27dc8dd934c. The impacted elem…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8757&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability was found in adenhq hive up to 0.11.0. This affects the function _read_events_tail of the file core/fram…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8765&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;LOW&quot;</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability was detected in Kilo-Org kilocode up to 7.0.47. This vulnerability affects the function Bun.file of the …</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8770&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;LOW&quot;</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability was identified in continuedev continue up to 1.2.22. This affects the function lsTool of the file core/t…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-8802&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;MEDIUM&quot;</td><td>&quot;A vulnerability was detected in opensourcepos Open Source Point of Sale up to 3.4.2. This issue affects the function get…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-9102&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;CRITICAL&quot;</td><td>&quot;A path traversal vulnerability exists in the Altium Enterprise Server ComparisonService due to missing filename sanitiza…</td></tr><tr><td>&quot;CVE-2026-9129&quot;</td><td>2026</td><td>&quot;CRITICAL&quot;</td><td>&quot;A path traversal vulnerability exists in the Altium Enterprise Server Viewer StorageController due to improper handling …</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (8_905, 4)\n",
+       "┌───────────────┬──────┬────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐\n",
+       "│ cve_id        ┆ year ┆ cvss_base_severity ┆ description                                          │\n",
+       "│ ---           ┆ ---  ┆ ---                ┆ ---                                                  │\n",
+       "│ str           ┆ i32  ┆ str                ┆ str                                                  │\n",
+       "╞═══════════════╪══════╪════════════════════╪══════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡\n",
+       "│ CVE-2001-0054 ┆ 2001 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in FTP Serv-U      │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ before 2.5i allows remote attackers to escape the    │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ FTP root and read arbi…                              │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2001-0780 ┆ 2001 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in cosmicpro.cgi   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ in Cosmicperl Directory Pro 2.0 allows remote        │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ attackers to gain sensi…                             │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2001-0925 ┆ 2001 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ The default installation of Apache before 1.3.19     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ allows remote attackers to list directories instead  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ of the multiview in…                                 │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2001-1205 ┆ 2001 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in lastlines.cgi   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ for Last Lines 2.0 allows remote attackers to read   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ arbitrary files vi…                                  │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2001-1432 ┆ 2001 ┆ HIGH               ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in Cherokee Web    │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Server allows remote attackers to read arbitrary     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ files via a .. (dot d…                               │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2001-1586 ┆ 2001 ┆ HIGH               ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in                 │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ SimpleServer:WWW 1.13 and earlier allows remote      │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ attackers to execute arbitrary prog…                 │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2002-2154 ┆ 2002 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in Monkey HTTP     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Daemon 0.1.4 allows remote attackers to read         │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ arbitrary files via .. (do…                          │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2002-2229 ┆ 2002 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in Sapio Design    │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Ltd. WebReflex 1.53 allows remote attackers to read  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ arbitrary files vi…                                  │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2002-2233 ┆ 2002 ┆ HIGH               ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in Enceladus       │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Server Suite 3.9 allows remote attackers to list     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ arbitrary directories an…                            │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2002-2238 ┆ 2002 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ Directory traversal vulnerability in the Kunani ODBC │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ FTP Server 1.0.10 allows remote attackers to read    │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ arbitrary files v…                                   │\n",
+       "│ …             ┆ …    ┆ …                  ┆ …                                                    │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8736 ┆ 2026 ┆ LOW                ┆ A security flaw has been discovered in Oinone Pamirs │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ up to 7.2.0. This vulnerability affects the function │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ request.getPar…                                      │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8754 ┆ 2026 ┆ LOW                ┆ A vulnerability was detected in AstrBotDevs AstrBot  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ up to 4.23.5. Impacted is the function post_file of  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ the file astrbot…                                    │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8755 ┆ 2026 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ A flaw has been found in fishaudio Bert-VITS2 up to  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ 8f7fbd8c4770965225d258db548da27dc8dd934c. The        │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ affected element is th…                              │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8756 ┆ 2026 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ A vulnerability has been found in fishaudio          │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Bert-VITS2 up to                                     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ 8f7fbd8c4770965225d258db548da27dc8dd934c. The        │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ impacted elem…                                       │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8757 ┆ 2026 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ A vulnerability was found in adenhq hive up to       │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ 0.11.0. This affects the function _read_events_tail  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ of the file core/fram…                               │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8765 ┆ 2026 ┆ LOW                ┆ A vulnerability was detected in Kilo-Org kilocode up │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ to 7.0.47. This vulnerability affects the function   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Bun.file of the …                                    │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8770 ┆ 2026 ┆ LOW                ┆ A vulnerability was identified in continuedev        │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ continue up to 1.2.22. This affects the function     │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ lsTool of the file core/t…                           │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-8802 ┆ 2026 ┆ MEDIUM             ┆ A vulnerability was detected in opensourcepos Open   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Source Point of Sale up to 3.4.2. This issue affects │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ the function get…                                    │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-9102 ┆ 2026 ┆ CRITICAL           ┆ A path traversal vulnerability exists in the Altium  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Enterprise Server ComparisonService due to missing   │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ filename sanitiza…                                   │\n",
+       "│ CVE-2026-9129 ┆ 2026 ┆ CRITICAL           ┆ A path traversal vulnerability exists in the Altium  │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ Enterprise Server Viewer StorageController due to    │\n",
+       "│               ┆      ┆                    ┆ improper handling …                                  │\n",
+       "└───────────────┴──────┴────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.filter(pl.col(\"cwes\").list.eval(pl.element().struct.field(\"id\") == \"CWE-22\").list.any())\n",
+    "    .select(\"cve_id\", \"year\", \"cvss_base_severity\", \"description\")\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "518e2fa3",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 8. Inspect a full patch"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "id": "22d766ac",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.427356Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.427267Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.435685Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.435239Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "CVE-2009-3287 — lib/thin/connection.rb in Thin web server before 1.2.4 relies on the X-Forwarded-For header to determine the IP address of the client, which allows remote attackers to spoof the IP address and hide ac\n",
+      "urls: ['https://github.com/macournoyer/thin/commit/7bd027914c5ffd36bb408ef47dc749de3b6e063a.diff']\n",
+      "\n",
+      "=== https://github.com/macournoyer/thin/commit/7bd027914c5ffd36bb408ef47dc749de3b6e063a.diff ===\n",
+      "diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG\n",
+      "index 595de22c..4cc2b5a2 100644\n",
+      "--- a/CHANGELOG\n",
+      "+++ b/CHANGELOG\n",
+      "@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@\n",
+      " == 1.2.3\n",
+      "+ * Fix Remote address spoofing vulnerability in Connection#remote_address [Alexey Borzenkov]\n",
+      "  * Fix uninitialized constant ActionController::Dispatcher error with Rails 1.2.3 [Chris Anderton] [#103 state:resolved]\n",
+      " \n",
+      " == 1.2.2 I Find Your Lack of Sauce Disturbing release\n",
+      "diff --git a/lib/thin/connection.rb b/lib/thin/connection.rb\n",
+      "index 1da7d1e1..7ead989a 100644\n",
+      "--- a/lib/thin/connection.rb\n",
+      "+++ b/lib/thin/connection.rb\n",
+      "@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def threaded?\n",
+      " \n",
+      "     # IP Address of the remote client.\n",
+      "     def remote_address\n",
+      "-      @request.forwarded_for || socket_address\n",
+      "+      socket_address\n",
+      "     rescue Exception\n",
+      "       log_error\n",
+      "       nil\n",
+      "diff --git a/lib/thin/request.rb b/lib/thin/request.rb\n",
+      "index 60adae70..0add8a6b 100644\n",
+      "--- a/lib/thin/request.rb\n",
+      "+++ b/lib/thin/request.rb\n",
+      "@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ class Request\n",
+      "     HTTP_VERSION      = 'HTTP_VERSION'.freeze\n",
+      "     HTTP_1_0          = 'HTTP/1.0'.freeze\n",
+      "     REMOTE_ADDR       = 'REMOTE_ADDR'.freeze\n",
+      "-    FORWARDED_FOR     = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'.freeze\n",
+      "     CONTENT_LENGTH    = 'CONTENT_LENGTH'.freeze\n",
+      "     CONNECTION        = 'HTTP_CONNECTION'.freeze\n",
+      "     KEEP_ALIVE_REGEXP = /\\bkeep-alive\\b/i.freeze\n",
+      "@@ -123,10 +122,6 @@ def remote_address=(address)\n",
+      "       @env[REMOTE_ADDR] = address\n",
+      "     end\n",
+      " \n",
+      "-    def forwarded_for\n",
+      "-   \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "row = (\n",
+    "    lf.filter(pl.col(\"cve_id\") == \"CVE-2009-3287\")\n",
+    "    .select(\"cve_id\", \"description\", \"patch_urls\", \"patch_diff\")\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    "    .row(0, named=True)\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "print(row[\"cve_id\"], \"—\", row[\"description\"][:200])\n",
+    "print(\"urls:\", row[\"patch_urls\"])\n",
+    "print()\n",
+    "print(row[\"patch_diff\"][:1500])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "6e45f7aa",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## 9. Patch size statistics"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "id": "fa67f4e2",
+   "metadata": {
+    "execution": {
+     "iopub.execute_input": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.436605Z",
+     "iopub.status.busy": "2026-05-22T12:57:46.436513Z",
+     "iopub.status.idle": "2026-05-22T12:57:47.409147Z",
+     "shell.execute_reply": "2026-05-22T12:57:47.408760Z"
+    }
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div><style>\n",
+       ".dataframe > thead > tr,\n",
+       ".dataframe > tbody > tr {\n",
+       "  text-align: right;\n",
+       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
+       "}\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<small>shape: (1, 4)</small><table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\"><thead><tr><th>bytes_min</th><th>bytes_median</th><th>bytes_max</th><th>lines_median</th></tr><tr><td>u32</td><td>f64</td><td>u32</td><td>f64</td></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>243</td><td>3574.0</td><td>281698406</td><td>88.0</td></tr></tbody></table></div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "shape: (1, 4)\n",
+       "┌───────────┬──────────────┬───────────┬──────────────┐\n",
+       "│ bytes_min ┆ bytes_median ┆ bytes_max ┆ lines_median │\n",
+       "│ ---       ┆ ---          ┆ ---       ┆ ---          │\n",
+       "│ u32       ┆ f64          ┆ u32       ┆ f64          │\n",
+       "╞═══════════╪══════════════╪═══════════╪══════════════╡\n",
+       "│ 243       ┆ 3574.0       ┆ 281698406 ┆ 88.0         │\n",
+       "└───────────┴──────────────┴───────────┴──────────────┘"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(\n",
+    "    lf.filter(pl.col(\"has_patch\"))\n",
+    "    .select(\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"patch_diff\").str.len_bytes().alias(\"diff_bytes\"),\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"patch_diff\").str.count_matches(\"\\n\").alias(\"diff_lines\"),\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "    .select(\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"diff_bytes\").min().alias(\"bytes_min\"),\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"diff_bytes\").median().alias(\"bytes_median\"),\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"diff_bytes\").max().alias(\"bytes_max\"),\n",
+    "        pl.col(\"diff_lines\").median().alias(\"lines_median\"),\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "    .collect()\n",
+    ")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "7933e7a1-b464-4135-aabd-b1b66890ada1",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.13.9"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[project]
+name = "cve-diff"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = "Add your description here"
+readme = "README.md"
+requires-python = ">=3.13"
+dependencies = [
+    "fastapi>=0.136.1",
+    "jinja2>=3.1.6",
+    "pyarrow>=24.0.0",
+    "uvicorn[standard]>=0.47.0",
+]
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+    "jupyterlab>=4.5.7",
+    "polars>=1.40.1",
+]