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cc-by | scRNA-seq libraries. This work was supported by institutional grants from INSERM and Nantes Université to the Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, and from INSERM, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University to the Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy. This work was carried out in the context of the IHU-Ces... | 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.053 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements We thank the Bioinformatics Core Facility of Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy for helpful discussions and comments. We acknowledge HalioDX and the UCA Genomix platform for sequencing (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed witho... | 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.053 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments This research has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 724480 ). | 10.34133/2020/8149764 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) GRASP is a versatile retrieval algorithm that can be used for a variety of remote sensing and in situ measurements to retrieve aerosol and surface properties (Dubovik et al. , 2014). It is open-source software and is available free to noncommercial users ... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | , 2019; Espinosa et al. , 2017 Espinosa et al. , , 2018;; Román et al. , 2018; Titos et al. , 2019; Torres et al. , 2017) , but the most pertinent to AirHARP are the previous applications of GRASP to POLDER-3 on PARASOL (Chen et al. , 2018 (Chen et al. , , 2019;; Dubovik et al. , 2011; Frouin et al. , 2019; Li et al. ... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 4 in Dubovik et al. , 2011). For the RT calculations, GRASP uses a successive order of scattering (SOS) scheme. The RT module consists of different surface bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and bi-directional polarized distribution function (BPDF) models for land and ocean. These models are briefl... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 5. 2. For the AERONET comparison, we make use of the second GRASP kernel that has reduced the number of aerosol parameters from 15 to 6. This reduced parameter option is the "GRASP/Models" kernel, where particle properties are assumed for each aerosol component given in Table 4. Complex refractive index, SF, and parti... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | b Retrieved spherical fraction includes a significant number of pixels with SF ∼ 99 %. resented as a Gaussian distribution with a mode value of 1. 55 for all wavelengths, while retrievals from the RSP and SPEX airborne instruments during the ACEPOL campaign produced values of RRI of 1. 56 and 1. 58, respectively, for a... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 01 to 0. 5 and the FLAME 2 database range of 0. 011 to 0. 217 (Mack et al. , 2010). Another smoke optical property study reports SSA in the range of 0. 78 to 0. 94 at 532 nm, depending on the age of the smoke (Nicolae et al. , 2013). Our retrieved SSA from AirHARP in this work (see Fig. 9b ) ranges from 0. 6 to 0. 99... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 5 Comparison of AirHARP GRASP retrievals with collocated data sets 5. 1 High Spectral Resolution LIDAR-2 (HSRL2) vs. AirHARP AOD comparison HSRL2, flying on the same aircraft with AirHARP during ACEPOL, provides the opportunity to compare the GRASP retrievals of AOD with an independent and collocated measurement. AirHA... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | For this study, we make use of the HSRL2 AOD at 532 nm, where an assumption of the lidar ratio is not required. All the GRASP retrievals for this comparison are done using the R I and DoLP measurements from AirHARP. Aerosol optical depth at 532 nm as a function of the collocated alongtrack pixels is plotted in Fig. 13a... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | 1 km region around the HSRL2 ground pixel, representing the spatial variability of the smoke plume within the averaging rectangular box. For this heterogenous smoke plume case, we had to apply χ 2 norm < 20, to filter out bad pixels/fits. Nonhomogeneity of the smoke makes the retrieval complicated since we see differen... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | GRASP was applied to AirHARP observations of two heavy aerosol loading situations, both of smoke plumes near fire sources. It is in one of these situations that optical and mihttps://doi. org/10. 5194/amt-13-5207-2020 Atmos. Meas. Tech. , 13, 5207-5236, 2020 crophysical characteristics of the smoke, in addition to AOD,... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | true | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. We thank the ACEPOL organizing team for supporting the involvement of the AirHARP instrument in the project. We thank the PIs of the AERONET stations used in this study for maintaining and providing easy access to data. We also acknowledge the engineering contributions from Roberto Fernadez-Borda ( ... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | The authors acknowledge the work by the Python Software Foundation (http://www. python. org,last access: 8 September 2020) and Anaconda Inc. (https://www. anaconda. com/,last access: 8 September 2020) in developing and maintaining the Python programming language and packages used for analyzing and visualizing the da... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | ANR-11-LABX-0 0 05-01 ), the Regional Council "Hauts-de-France", and the "European Funds for Regional Economic Development". Henrique M. J. Barbosa is grateful for the support of Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (processo no. 2016/18866-2 ) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cien... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | Data availability. The AirHARP L1B and HSRL2 data for the ACEPOL campaign can be accessed from the website https://www-air. larc. nasa. gov/cgi-bin/ArcView/acepol (last access: 21 September 2020, ACEPOL Science Team, 2017). Quick look images for each of the AirHARP flight legs can be accessed through the website https:... | 10.5194/amt-13-5207-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Environmental Science | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
cc-by | CrRPI1 Structural Folds We solved the crystal structure of CrRPI1 in the P2 1 space group at 1. 40 Å resolution (Table 1 ). Model building of the two subunits of the asymmetric unit achieved the placement of 235 amino acid residues in the first subunit and 237 in the second (Figure 1A ). The residues of each subunit ... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | CrRPI1 dimer Each monomer is composed of six alpha helices and twelve beta strands distributed into two domains. Domain 1 spans residues 29 to 160 and 246 to 264, folds according to the Rossmann topology, and is part of an unnamed structural superfamily (CATH classification 3. 40. 50. 1360). Domain 2 is inserted in bet... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | CrRPI1 dimer was aligned with Plasmodium falciparum RPI dimer (PDB entry 2F8M) with an RMSD = 2. 115 Å over 438 equivalent atoms. Both dimers have the same quaternary organization, with corresponding subunits positioned in virtually identical positions. The only significant difference lies in the 3 10 helix formed by r... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | RPI1 Catalytic Site CrRPI1 crystallographic model includes a sulfate ion, a sodium ion and water molecules located in a shallow pocket exposed to solvent (Figure 4A ). Structural superposition of CrRPI1 with RpiA from Legionella pneumophila (LpRPI, PDB: 6MC0, RMSD = 0. 734 Å), which is co-crystalized with ribose-5-pho... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | RPI1 Catalytic Site CrRPI1 crystallographic model includes a sulfate ion, a sodium ion and water molecules located in a shallow pocket exposed to solvent (Figure 4A ). Structural superposition of CrRPI1 with RpiA from Legionella pneumophila (LpRPI, PDB: 6MC0, RMSD = 0. 734 Å), which is co-crystalized with ribose-5-pho... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | C149 and C250 side chains are modelled as free thiols (Figure 1A and S3 ). Both side chains are buried in the protein hydrophobic core where TRX or GRX should be excluded once RPI1 is folded. The two other cysteines of CrRPI1 are closer to the surface but separated by 20 Å, precluding the formation of an intramolecul... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | C149 and C250 side chains are modelled as free thiols (Figure 1A and Figure S3 ). Both side chains are buried in the protein hydrophobic core where TRX or GRX should be excluded once RPI1 is folded. The two other cysteines of CrRPI1 are closer to the surface but separated by 20 Å, precluding the formation of an intr... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Cloning The amino acid sequence of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Cre03. g187450, UniRef100 entry A8IRQ1) was analyzed with TargetP2. 0 [40] , ChloroP [41] and Predalgo [8] to predict the transit peptide cleavage site. The subsequent mature sequence of chloroplastic protein coding for amino... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Protein Crystallization and Structure Determination Purified CrRPI1 was tested for crystallization on commercial sparse-screening conditions (Qiagen, Hilden Germany) of the Joint Center for Structural Genomics screens [43] and JBScreen classic 1-8 (Jena Bioscience, Jena, Germany) with a mixture of 50 nL of protein an... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | SEC-SAXS Analysis Here, 50 µL of pure CrRPI1 at a concentration of 10 mg. mL -1 were injected on BioSEC-3 300 size-exclusion chromatography column (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equilibrated in buffer C, in series with the small-angle X-rays scattering (SAXS) exposure capillary at the synchrotron beamline... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Structural Data Crystallographic data are registered at the Protein Data Bank under accession code 6ZXT. Supplementary Materials: Supplementary materials can be found at http://www. mdpi. com/1422-0067/21/20/ 7787/s1. Figure S1. Sequence alignment made by Clustal Omega of RPI A from different species. Residues with mo... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments: We thank the FR 550 Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique for the access to the crystallization platform and to the data visualization wall. We acknowledge SOLEIL beamlines Proxima-1 and Proxima-2a for providing the setup of X-ray diffraction experiments and beamline SWING for SAXS experiments. We th... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments: We thank the FR 550 Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique for the access to the crystallization platform and to the data visualization wall. We acknowledge SOLEIL beamlines Proxima-1 and Proxima-2a for providing the setup of X-ray diffraction experiments and beamline SWING for SAXS experiments. We th... | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Funding: This research was funded by CNRS , Sorbonne Université and Agence Nationale de la Recherche Grants LABEX DYNAMO 11-LABX-0011 and JCJC CALVINTERACT ANR-19-CE11-0009. | 10.3390/ijms21207787 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Classes PC1-PC3 suitable for MYI and second-year ice were excluded from our study, because it was hard to find enough training data for the no-go class. The method is robust and applicable to other delay-Doppler radar altimeters, most importantly those onboard Sentinel-3. An example RIO chart is shown in Figure 3. The... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Other studies have shown that MR measurements at low-frequency L-band from ESA's SMOS mission can be used to retrieve SIT of up to 0. 5-1. 0 m [24] [25] [26] , where the maximum retrievable SIT depends on ice temperature and salinity. Since 2015, NASA's SMAP mission has been providing data at the same frequency. Withi... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Other studies have shown that MR measurements at low-frequency L-band from ESA's SMOS mission can be used to retrieve SIT of up to 0. 5-1. 0 m [24] [25] [26] , where the maximum retrievable SIT depends on ice temperature and salinity. Since 2015, NASA's SMAP mission has been providing T B data at the same frequency. W... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Generally, the two 's agree very well with correlations exceeding 0. 99 over sea ice, but they show an intensity bias of about 2. 7 K over both ocean and seaice regions. When this bias was compensated using a linear fit, a very good agreement between the retrieved SITs was attained, see Figure 4. The main advantages o... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The median maximum retrievable SIT ranges from about 95 cm for cold, low salinity sea ice to about 70 cm for sea ice closer to the melting point. Within the SPICES project, a combined daily SIT dataset from SMOS and SMAP has been produced from 1 April 2015 (first available SMAP data) to 15 April 2015 and for the winter... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Sea-Ice Drift, Thickness and Volume Fluxes Estimation Using Multi-Sensor Satellite Data Since the 1990s, sea-ice radar backscatter maps have been produced using different scatterometers; recently the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) in the MetOp satellites. Daily data can be found at the CERSAT centre at Ifremer which pr... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | These daily maps are available at a 12. 5 km × 12. 5 km grid at [31]. In SPICES, the backscatter maps have been reprocessed over the entire ASCAT/MetOp-A time series (Jan 2007 onwards), and by merging the MetOp-B data (Oct 2012 onwards). The backscatter parameter is useful for detecting the sea-ice edge, in particular... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The interannual variability of the relative volume of FYI and MYI as estimated by Ricker et al. [36] highlighted the importance of winter sea-ice growth as a key component. In March 2016 the average Arctic-wide thinning was found to be 10 cm in comparison to the last six-year average, while maximal regional values of ... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | [39] that were applied on optical spectrometer data from MERIS (Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) on ENVISAT (2002-2012) and OLCI (Ocean and Land Color Instrument) on Sentinel-3 (2016 onwards). MPD2 steps away from the pixel-wise approach of conventional algorithms but uses additional cumulative melting degree d... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | [39] that were applied on optical spectrometer data from MERIS (Medium-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) on ENVISAT (2002-2012) and OLCI (Ocean and Land Color Instrument) on Sentinel-3 (2016 onwards). MPD2 steps away from the pixel-wise approach of conventional algorithms but uses additional cumulative melting degree d... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Therefore, a direct single pixel MPF retrieval from SMOS is impossible when SIC is below 100%. However, using additional T a and ice drift data, and tracking a SMOS pixel throughout the whole summer accounting for its T a history can give the necessary boundary conditions and help separating melt ponds and open water i... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Improvements in Predicting Large-Scale Seasonal Sea-Ice Anomalies At the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), global sea-ice forecasts days to seasons ahead are routinely initialized using satellite observations of SIC. This is not yet the case for SIT, although it is arguably at least as important... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Improvements in Predicting Large-Scale Seasonal Sea-Ice Anomalies At the European Centre of Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), global sea-ice forecasts days to seasons ahead are routinely initialized using satellite observations of SIC. This is not yet the case for SIT, although it is arguably at least as important... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Discussion The detection, monitoring, and forecasting (both in short and seasonal time scales) of sea-ice conditions and their extremes is very important for ship navigation and offshore activities, and for monitoring of sea-ice processes and trends. For ship navigation and offshore operations, sea-ice information has ... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The sea-ice export through the Fram Strait was found to have large yearly variation, and around half of the changes in Arctic MYI volume in wintertime could be explained by the ice export [37]. Previously, thin ice thickness has been estimated using L-band SMOS MR data [24] [25] [26] , and daily products are delivere... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Discussion The detection, monitoring, and forecasting (both in short and seasonal time scales) of sea-ice conditions and their extremes is very important for ship navigation and offshore activities, and for monitoring of sea-ice processes and trends. For ship navigation and offshore operations, sea-ice information has ... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | The sea-ice export through the Fram Strait was found to have large yearly variation, and around half of the changes in Arctic MYI volume in wintertime could be explained by the ice export [37]. Previously, thin ice thickness has been estimated using L-band SMOS MR data [24] [25] [26] , and daily products are delivere... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Snow depth on sea ice can be retrieved operationally with the MR data [45], but the results are often unreliable, especially for MYI [46]. In SPICES, a new method for snow depth retrieval with the MR data was developed and tested. It is based on Bayesian inversion of an empirical forward model of sea-ice surface emiss... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | During the sea-ice melting season, surface wetness and melt ponds have a significant effect on the MR T B data, decreasing the accuracy of the SIC retrievals. Using optical spectrometer data, MPF can be estimated [39] , but the temporal and spatial coverage is heavily restricted by cloud cover. In SPICES we developed ... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | It is envisaged that RIO-based decision-making will become a common practice in ship navigation in ice-covered waters. This requires integrating all available sea-ice information to an operational product which summarizes ice conditions for ship navigation. In SPICES we demonstrated RIO mapping for the Barents and Kara... | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Funding: This work was supported by the project SPICES (Space-borne Observations for Detecting and Forecasting Sea-Ice Cover Extremes ), funded by the European Union 's Horizon 2020 Programme (grant agreement No. 640161 ). | 10.3390/rs12071214 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | [ Critical Care Research Letter ] inclusion criteria had complete data and were analyzed (age 63 [54-67] years, sex ratio 2. 8, BMI 28 [26-32]). Median time from ICU admission was 4 (2-6) days. At the time of almitrine infusion, 15 of 19 (79%) were under MV with neuromuscular blockade. PEEP was set at 10 (10-12) cm H 2... | 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.573 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | By adopting this approach, some countries actually exceeded the expected number of participating centers per country. For calculation of the survey response rate, the number of EDs exceeding the predetermined expected number of participating EDs per country was not considered. ED directors or their delegates, staff mem... | 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.018 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | The country lead survey included questions on range of COVID-19 cases (total and pediatric) per country, the date of identification of the first COVID-19 cases in the country, and the type of containment measures enforced in their country. Data on range of confirmed cases per country, as well as deaths, were cross-chec... | 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.018 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
cc-by | Acknowledgements. This research has been conducted during the G. Thomas' PhD, funded by Météo France. The authors would like to thank Sylvain CHAUMONT for the providing of polarimetric radar data, and Béatrice FRADON for her advices and her carefulness about those data. The authors would also thank Eric WATTRELOT... | 10.5194/amt-13-2279-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Code availability. The polarimetric observation operator is available in the MESO-NH NWP model. It is an non-hydrostatic research model under the CeCILL-C free licence. For more information, please consult MESO-NH website (http://mesonh. aero. obs-mip. fr/mesonh54). Data availability. The Météo France polarimetric rada... | 10.5194/amt-13-2279-2020 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Earth and Planetary Sciences | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
cc-by | Introduction Knowledge of accurate molecular spectroscopic parameters is essential for interpreting and modeling spectra of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres, including those of exoplanets or even those of brown dwarfs. These parameters are provided in the HITRAN [1] and HITEMP [2] molecular spectroscopic datab... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | [4]. One way of improving the single power-law approach for pressure broadening was to split it into four temperature ranges (4TR representation) [3] ; in the case of the shift parameter, a linear function was split into the four ranges [3]. The 4TR approach was adopted in the 2016 edition of the HITRAN database [1... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | We recommend the usage of DPL representation in HITRAN, and present DPL parametrization for Voigt and beyond-Voigt line profiles that will be adopted in the HITRAN database. In Sections 2 and 3 , we discuss the methodology and details of the fully quantum and semiclassical calculations, respectively. In Sections 4-6 , ... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | The γ 0 and δ 0 parameters are the speed-averaged values of pressure broadening and shift parameters. Even though the exact, active molecule, speed dependence, γ ( v ) and δ( v ), can be determined numerically with the ab initio calculations, it is difficult to represent them in the spectroscopic databases. To address ... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | CO-He The 12 C 16 O rovibrational energy levels, used in the basis for the CO-He and CO-Ar dynamical calculations, are those provided by the HITRAN2016 database. The energy levels of CO in HI-TRAN2016 are based on Li et al. [45] with some corrections associated with the implementation of the Coxon and Hajigeorgiou pot... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | ( 14 )- (17). The same parametrization as in the HT profile was adopted in HITRAN2016 [1, 3] to represent the non-Voigt line profiles. In this paper, we argue that the more straightforward notation, i. e. ν opt = ν r opt + i ν i opt , allows one to avoid some additional difficulties with the temperature dependences... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | The DPL representation for the HITRAN database The full set of the coefficients that is needed to represent the DPL temperature dependencies of all the six line-shape parameters (i. e. : γ 0 , δ 0 , γ 2 , δ 2 , ν r opt and ν r opt ) described in Sections 4 -6 consists of 24 coefficients per one molecular transition (4 ... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | Conclusion In this article, we analyzed the problem of seeking an optimal simple analytical representation of temperature dependences of collisional line-shape parameters that can be adopted in the HI-TRAN database. We used our ab initio fully quantum and semiclassical collisional line-shape calculations to compare the... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | The DPL datasets can be easily implemented into the HITRAN relational database structure due to its flexibility [57]. We present a DPL parametrization for Voigt and beyond-Voigt line profiles that will be adopted in the HITRAN database. We also discussed the problem of the Hartmann-Tran profile parametrization in whic... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | The HITRAN database targets a range of temperatures that does not substantially exceed those encountered on the Earth and with an exception of a few diatomic molecules (NO, OH, HF, HCl, HBr, HI and H 2 ) does not provide enough transitions. It is worth mentioning that if the temperature range covered in the experiments... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | Acknowledgments We thank Jean-Michel Hartmann and Ha Tran for the discussion and their remarks regarding the parameterization of the Hartmann-Tran profile and the strategy for improving accuracy when the parameters of the Hartmann-Tran profile are based on ab initio calculations. NS, HJ and PW contribution is suppo... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | false | false | true | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | AGS-1622676. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The project is cofinanced by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under the PHC Polonium program ( dec... | 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106676 | article | en | 2,019 | true | false | false | false | Chemistry | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
cc-by | This raises the question whether purine modifications like m 1 G, m 2 G, m 2 2 G, m 1 A, m 6 A or m 6 2 A with altered Watson-Crick-Face show characteristic and distinguishable RTsignatures in RNA-Seq data and furthermore whether they can be clearly detected using computer-based analytical methods. Central and common... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Two examples of such supervised learning models for pattern recognition are support-vector machines (SVM) (34) and random forests (RF) (35) , commonly used for binary classification. Random forest models were chosen as prediction tool in the study by Hauenschild et al. (22) operating by constructing decision trees... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Standard workflow The standard workflow performs automated trimming, mapping and feature extraction and was used to analyze all datasets. In general, the workflow is derived and adapted from Hauenschild et al. (44) and implemented in Galaxy. Trimming. In the first trimming step, auxiliary sequences such as adapters, u... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The two alignment files from forward and reverse reads were stored in BAM-format and then merged into a single file. The BAM file were then sorted and indexed using the SAMtools package (49). Post-processing and feature extraction. The alignment data was converted into pileup format as this format allows to extract re... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | false | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | g. modified and unmodified instances) in a ratio of 1:1. Secondly, the model was enhanced by k-fold stratified cross-validation. This approach splits the available training dataset into k subsets. The random forest is then trained on k -1 subsets and performs a prediction on the remaining subset. The whole process is p... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | In each iteration, the unmodified instances were randomly selected. This approach not only generated a trained random forest as outcome, but also allowed the evaluation of the model's predictive accuracy. Assessment scores for the random forest performance such as the AUC, MCC, sensitivity and specificity were calculat... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Side-by-side comparison of 13 RT-signatures at known m 1 A sites To assess the influence of the enzyme on RT-signatures, we used the previously established workflow to detect variations in m 1 A-related signatures of a total of 13 enzymes (see Table 1 ). These 13 reverse transcriptases represent a selection of commerc... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Of note, all used datasets contained at least 300 000 reads per RTenzyme (per replicate), and escalating comparative analyses with smaller datasets indicated no significant changes even at read numbers as low as 50 000 reads (see Supplement Figure S10 ). From Figure 1A , it is apparent that the 13 reverse transcripta... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | In full analogy to the previous evaluation of m 1 A sites, the corresponding reads were mapped onto a reference set consisting of tRNA sequences from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, compiled from the Modomics (21) and tRNA database (51). The data was inspected for signatures at known m 1 G and m 2 2 G sites. We found, that... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | In general, two replicates were used for random forest training and the remaining third replicate for testing (RF #1). In order to collect a sufficient number of sites for random forest training, we set a relatively low coverage threshold of 20 reads. After removal of the low-coverage instances from the two training da... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Overall, the model prediction scored AUC values between 0. 9439 and 0. 9801 for the different RTs (e. g. 0. 9801 for RT #12), which favorably compares to our first runs on m 1 A (22). After filtering to remove low coverage instances (coverage >20) we could correctly classify 80% of the m 1 G instances and 90% of the m... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | DISCUSSION The central objective of this work concerns the performance of machine learning approaches for automated modification calling. We advocate the use of e. g. a random forest model as an unbiased entity, which determines threshold values without human input, yet leaves the possibility open to read out this para... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | The only dataset featuring a potentially sufficient statistical basis would be that used by Grozhik et al. (29, 30) , who, significantly, conclude a very low number of m 1 A occurrences in human mRNAs. In further experiments, we then applied the three best performing RTs on other purine modifications with chemical alte... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Lilia Ayadi and Valérie Igel-Bourguignon ( EpiRNA-Seq Core Facility , UMS2008 IBSLor, CNRS-Université de Lorraine-INSERM, Nancy, France) for excellent technical assistance in MiSeq sequencing. We want to further thank Dr Lyudmil Tserovski and Dr Ralf Hauenschild for their... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Lilia Ayadi and Valérie Igel-Bourguignon ( EpiRNA-Seq Core Facility , UMS2008 IBSLor, CNRS-Université de Lorraine-INSERM, Nancy, France) for excellent technical assistance in MiSeq sequencing. We want to further thank Dr Lyudmil Tserovski and Dr Ralf Hauenschild for their... | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | DATA AVAILABILITY The bioinformatics modules, used for this study and implemented in Galaxy (46) , are available in the GitHub repository (https://github. com/HelmGroup/ Galaxy modification calling). | 10.1093/nar/gkaa113 | article | en | 2,020 | true | true | false | false | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
cc-by | Study site and reference data The study area is the Alsace region located in the East of France (Figure 2a ). It covers an area of 8329 km² and includes four main land cover classes: urban footprint, agricultural areas, forest areas, and water surfaces. The urban footprint displays some level of class imbalance (Figur... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | These variations make these classes well suited for this study as we can already expect the densely built classes to have a more stable temporal response compared to the others (Figure 1 ). Reference data are rasterized at a 10 m spatial resolution. This process is applied at two levels: the first level with a binary ... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Data Sampling It consists of subdividing the image into 256 × 256 pixel patches (Figure 3-Step1 ). The size should be sufficiently large as not to lose spatial context but should also take into account the available computational resources. Images with no spectral information are then removed. We perform a random shuf... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Two common strategies are often used: the first one consists in implementing a global model that outputs membership probabilities of all the classes of interest, whereas the second strategy, commonly referred to as the one-vs-all classification, consists in implementing separate binary classifiers for each class. Sever... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | • Supervised classification of urban footprint using mono-temporal sentinel 2 data. Four distinct encoder-decoder architectures are implemented: FCN-32s [36], FCN-16s [36], SegNet [26] , and UNet [37]. Unlike the original paper, we use VGG-19 [38] as the basis of the first two architectures. We initialize all encod... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | • Supervised classification of UF using mono and multi-temporal Sentinel 2 data. The previous experiment showed that the UNet model offers the best performance. This will be further detailed in the results section. The model is then trained on mono-temporal data to map the four classes of UF. Afterward, we design a new... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Another interesting remark is that the performance of the SegNet model trained on multi-spectral data is reduced compared with its RGB counterpart. Given the wide gap between the two variants of we will no longer consider the second one for the rest of the experiments. These findings support the importance of transfer ... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Given the wide gap between the two variants of SegNet, we will no longer consider the second one for the rest of the experiments. These findings support the importance of transfer learning for small datasets. To further analyze the model's performance, we examined in more depth the variations of their sensitivity and s... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | These findings support the importance of transfer learning for small datasets. To further analyze the model's performance, we examined in more depth the variations of their sensitivity and specificity using the ROC curve (Figure 8 ). UNet and SegNet outperformed the other models with a slight edge for the UNet. As an ... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Nevertheless, it is still unclear why, even for As we move away from the training dataset's sensing period, the model's performance gets worse. Moreover, the performance of discontinuous UF does not degrade as quickly as other classes. This can be explained by the number of available samples per class: a model trained ... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Another sound conclusion is that Sentinel 2 images, despite a spatial resolution of 10 m, can be used for urban land use mapping. Nevertheless, the contribution of the temporal dimension to UF mapping requires further testing with larger datasets and longer time series. With this mind, we think the positive results ach... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Conclusions and Perspectives In conclusion, this work explored the use of multi-temporal Sentinel-2 images for UF mapping. To this end, a novel multi-temporal fully convolutional network based on the famous UNet architecture was implemented. The proposed model learns a spatio-temporal representation of the data without... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | Funding: This research was funded by the French funded project ANR TIMES 'High-performance processing techniques for mapping and monitoring environmental changes from massive, heterogeneous and high frequency data times series' ( ANR-17-CE23-0015-01 ) and the CNES TOSCA program 2018. | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | false | false | true | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | ( 1 )Figure 3. 13 Figure 3. General workflow applied on Sentinel 2 imagery to assess the potential contribution of the temporal dimension to map UF 2. 3. 2. Data sampling It consists of subdividing the image into 256 × 256 pixel patches (Figure 3-Step1). The size should be sufficiently large as not to lose spatial cont... | 10.3390/rs12030423 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Engineering | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
cc-by | The dynamic transcriptional changes during the first 4 h are a distinct feature of Tr1 cell differentiation compared with Th17 cells, which manifest a relatively stable profile during the early phase from 0-2 h (Yosef et al. , 2013). To identify TFs that drive the distinct transcriptional waves, we hypothesized that g... | 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108433 | article | en | 2,020 | true | false | false | false | Medicine | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
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