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+ ---
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+ tags:
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+ - renewable-energy
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+ - geospatial
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+ - satellite-imagery
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+ - site-suitability
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+ - olmoearth
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+ - sentinel-2
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+ - foundation-model
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+ - embeddings
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+ license: mit
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+ task_categories:
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+ - tabular-classification
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 10K<n<100K
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+ ---
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+
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+ # O3 EartH Dataset
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+
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+ Geospatial site suitability dataset with OlmoEarth foundation model embeddings for renewable energy infrastructure assessment.
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+
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+ **Key result:** OlmoEarth embeddings achieve AUC 0.867 under spatial cross-validation (leave-one-country-out).
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+
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+ ## Files
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+
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+ | File | Description |
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+ |------|-------------|
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+ | suitability_dataset_v2_shuffled.parquet | 24,866 labeled samples (lat, lon, energy_type, label, country) |
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+ | all_energy_locations.parquet | 321,614 global energy plant locations from EIA + OSM |
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+ | embeddings/embeddings.npy | 8,000 OlmoEarth 768-dim embeddings |
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+ | embeddings/embeddings_meta.csv | Metadata for each embedding |
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+ | models/xgb_*.json | Trained XGBoost classifiers per energy type |
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+ | models/scaler_*.pkl | StandardScaler for each energy type |
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+
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+ ## How Embeddings Were Extracted
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+
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+ Sentinel-2 L2A (12 bands, 10m resolution) patches are passed through frozen OlmoEarth BASE encoder (97M params), then mean-pooled to produce a 768-dimensional landscape fingerprint per location.
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+
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+ - Source imagery: Microsoft Planetary Computer
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+ - Model: allenai/olmoearth_pretrain (OLMOEARTH_V1_BASE)
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+ - Patch size: 128x128 pixels (~1.28km)
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+ - Time range: 2022-2023, max 30% cloud cover
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+
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+ ## Coverage
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+
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+ - 100+ countries across 6 continents
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+ - 4 energy types: solar (10K), wind (10K), hydro (4K), geothermal (866)
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+ - Balanced positive (existing sites) and negative (random locations) samples
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+
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+ ## Results
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+
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+ | Method | AUC |
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+ |--------|-----|
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+ | Geography only (lat/lon) | 0.579 |
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+ | OlmoEarth embeddings | 0.902 |
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+ | Spatial CV (leave-one-country-out) | 0.867 |
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ Qi, Ziming. "O3 EartH: Geospatial Site Suitability Assessment Using Foundation Model Embeddings." 2026. Northeastern University.
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+
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+ ## Links
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+
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+ - GitHub: https://github.com/2imi9/O3earth
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+ - OlmoEarth: https://github.com/allenai/olmoearth_pretrain